The Iconic Lives of Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van...

In this essay I will be talking about two of the most iconic musicians of their times and even today. Johann Sebastian Bach from the Baroque era and Ludwig van Beethoven from the classical era. Both of those musicians were a great influences to our music culture today. Here I will try to compare their musical lives and talk about each of the musicians. I will look into their works and compare their styles, rhythm, texture, form, melodic contour, harmonic orientation and the time of each composition. We will look into live styles, music background and major contributions of Johann Bach and Ludwig Beethoven. Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 21st, 1685 in in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. He was from a family of musicians and learned to play the harpsichord, violin and the organ. Bach was given a religious education and it affected his life, he was profoundly religious. He first job was a court musician, he worked different positions as an organist which allowed him to write church cantatas. He wrote a number of famous works the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, The Well-Tempered Clavier and Mass in B Minor. In 1723 he was given a position where he can both teach and create church music. In 1733 Bach created Mass in B Minor that got him a position as a royal court composer to the King of Poland. Bach created The Art of Fugue in 1749 and on July 28 in 1749 he passed away after having a stroke. He is known to be a composer that can put notes together like no one else. LudwigShow MoreRelatedDisney Golden Age Of Animation2192 Words   |  9 PagesSugar Era†, due to its dramatic jumps from dark to ‘sweet’. In just about every way these films pushed the limit of filmmaking. This era also includes the first and only time that breasts were openly shown in a Disney film, found in Fantasia. 2. Live action open a)Conductor as narrator b) Reminded of Early Childhood Centers where we encourage children to paint to the music...and having resulting conversations about their representations. Especially in this first piece! The animation did little

Essay on Drug Abuse in the NFL - 2195 Words

Drug Abuse in the NFL Its nothing new for the National Football Leagues players to be abusing anabolic steroids and other performance enhancing drugs. Drug abuse in the league has recently focused around recreational drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol. The newest drug being abused is painkillers. The commissioner and his personal need to change their policies. Will they wait until many more players start to die before they tighten up their drug policies? The National Football League (NFL) can stop most of these drug problems by having more random drug tests given, enforcing stricter punishments when players are caught using drugs, and requiring every team to educate its players annually on the effects and consequences†¦show more content†¦Professional athletes with drug addictions are a major problem because these players are role models for young athletes all around the world. Many children see their idols getting caught using drugs and alcohol. This causes them to think that i f their favorite player is using that drug, well then they should be using drugs also. (Nattiv and Puffer). There would be less young athletes experiencing with these dangerous drugs if the players would spend more time talking about the negative side of drugs. All the blame cannot be pinned on the players only. The NFL itself and its high officials are also to blame. If they would take action and acknowledge the drug problems, they could help the players stay away from these potentially fatal mistakes. If other corporations (except alcohol and tobacco companies) were leading children towards drugs and alcohol, they would probably do anything they could to prevent that from happening. Major corporations require drug tests for people applying for a job position. This is a good way for companies to make sure they dont hire employees with substance abuse problems. Hiring people with substance abuse problems is common in the NFL. This is concerning because the NFL requires a drug test for all players entering the league. Collegiate players entering the draft are tested before they can become eligible for the NFL. If a person applying for a corporate position gets caught with drugs in his system, they will be dismissedShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And The Nfl996 Words   |  4 Pages995 Drug Abuse in the NFL What is the definition of drugs? Is it the simple explanation of a substance we consume that is alien to our bodies, for better or worse? Or is it much more complicated than that? Many would agree that people use them as an escape from reality, a way to hide their pain in life, or a way to deal with stress. People who use illegal drugs for their own benefit, whether it’s for stress release or for performance enhancement, are drug abusers. 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Alcoholism triggers some violence, h owever dysfunctional martial problems is also a predictor. In more recent times domestic violence is a recurrent issue for NFL players. Jeff Gray an editorial author of SB NationRead MoreMarijuana Is The Safest Of All Recreational Drugs1600 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal recreational drug. Recreational drugs are used to alter states of consciousness and heighten mood. Out of all recreational drugs, marijuana use ranks among alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use. Marijuana refers to dried leaves and flowers from the Cannabis sativa plant. When smoked or ingested, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is absorbed through the bloodstream and carried to the brain and other organs. THC is a mind-altering chemical that attracts most to the drug because of the â€Å"high†Read MoreThe Effects Of Steroids And The Impact On Athletes974 Words   |  4 PagesFor my supporting article, I will be researching the drug abuse in sports. There are numerous aspects within this topic, some of which will be highlighted within my research. Firstly, I have chosen to write about steroids and the impact they have on athletes. I decided to choose this topic as I consider myself an athletic person and believe this is a perfect subject for me. I found a lot of my information on the topic from www.health.ny.gov/publications/1210 which has helped with my research.Read MoreThe Effects Of Painkiller Abuse On Athletes1220 Words   |  5 Pagesmany articles I have found that painkiller abuse is more common in athletes participating in high injury risk sports. In the beginning I searched for a topic that caught my eye in the book Sport in Contemporary Society by D. Stanley Eitzen called â€Å"Painkiller Abuse by Athletes and teams.† Over the years it has been shown that painkiller abuse has become a huge problem. Although it is not the only sport to abuse painkillers, it is more common in the NFL due to the higher risk of injury. AthletesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesschedule 1 drug. Schedule 1 drugs are drugs are drugs that have the potential for abuse (Drug Scheduling,2016). The government contains the high-level drugs, this is the reason we have pharmacies. Pharmacies are regulated so that people can not get medicine that can be easily abused. Pharmacies require a medical prescription from a certified doctor for any drug that could be used improperly. Marijuana should be in the same category as prescription drugs because, like any medicine/drug it can be easilyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Steroids In Sports951 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial topics since 1904 when Olympic marathon runner, Thomas Hicks, used a mixture of brandy and strychnine and nearly died. However, the use of PED’s (performance enhancing drugs) dates all the back to 776 BC with the Ancient Greek athletes. In sports todays the question is whether or not these types of drugs should be banned from competition. In sports today it is all about entertaining the common people. Americans tune in every night to watch one of their favorite sports programs. The NewRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 Pagesand use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edge on the competitionRead More Steriods in sports Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesthose people take with their bodies.† Former baseball all-star, Jose Canseco had a book published, call â€Å"Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant Roids, Smash Hits, and How Baseball Got Big.† This book pointed the finger at several players accusing them of steroid abuse. Miguel Tejada was among the players accused. He denied any allegations that he abused steroids, and went on to state that he barely knew Canseco, so he feels that a discussion about steroids between him and Canseco is ridiculous. He also blamed star

Leadership Skills in Implementation of Theory E and Theory O Free Essays

The theory E and the theory O are also acknowledged as the theories of revolutionize. Theory E:: The principle of the theory E is economical values or we can say that it is often articulated as investor value, when Dunlop took the management he was the one who reduced 11000 workers mutually at management and working levels he also trade out several business, later on he present a design on the subject of his own philosophy as he believed that investor worth was the particular purpose to which a conglomerate ought to contribute itself and make accessibility of space for many shareholder and then he make the profit which was not achieved before therefore the top-down is taken as the leadership skill for this theory (Beer and Nohria, April 16, 2001). Theory O: Now if we talk about the purpose of the theory O so it gives us an idea that the purpose of this theory is to developed capabilities, if we go in depth then this theory is all about the improvement of the association’s individual potential to put into operation stratagem as well as to gain knowledge from proceedings in use on the subject of the efficiency of revolutionize completed (T. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Skills in Implementation of Theory E and Theory O or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kippenberger). It was seen the changes were made in an organization to be more successful but they were not the success which they deserve to get by doing so many efforts in an organization, after few time Champion makes his own philosophy in order to maintain the changes which were bough in an organization, for doing so Champion enhanced its associations in the midst of its amalgamation all the way through accommodating instruments. It was done by the use of the indistinguishable elevated participation as well as making use of sociotechnical method to spruce up the association as well as supervision of the entire commercial functions, which also includes the investigate as well as improvement (Springer Netherlands). For that reason in the early hours 1990s the conglomerate had entirely restructured itself in the region of a marketplace by gathering surrounding substance arrangement anticipated to meeting point on consumers. From that time the participating activity and the sympathetic connecting each and every of the workers in addition an increment of social circle are taken as the leadership’s proficiency for the theory O because it is believed that champion accomplish the success by giving accessibility of participating to all of their human resources (Beer and Nohria, April 16, 2001). Conclusion: It concluded the idea that when there are changes bought in any of the organization the proper management system is required to manage all of the changes, this change in an organization occurs when they have to make leadership among others or in the case when the organization is not satisfied with its structure for that reason they make changes and for resolving the problems which may occur due to change they ask change management to help them, this article also concluded about theory E and theory O, also the leadership skills of this theory, it gives us the idea that for theory E top-down is taken as leadership skill and for the theory O participating can be taken as leadership skill and the reason for implementation of these theories is also narrated. After reading this article the purpose of change management and the implementation can become clearer earlier than. How to cite Leadership Skills in Implementation of Theory E and Theory O, Essays

Race - Class - & Gender Anthology Click to Get Solution

Question: The essay should demonstrate your ability to research, analyze, and evaluate information pertaining to a particular writer's literary works. 1. An analysis of how a writer life experiences influences his/her works. 2. An examination of the thematic patterns in a writer's works. 3. An explication of stylistic techniques evident in a writer's works.? Answer: 1. Judith Ortiz Cofer is an author of contemporary America. She is award winning writer or poet of contemporary culture of America. Her span of works is included within several literary pieces of works. The works are included within short stories, essays, autobiography, poetry, fictional stories of adult etc. However, several experiences of her life have been reflected through her poems and other literary works. The birthplace, the nostalgia of old place and ideologies of their childhood have been reflected through her several poems. Her short poems The Changeling", "My father in the navy", and "El Olvido has reflected the lesson of life of her. This poet has focused upon the culture, ideology and the route of a human being. Most of the poem has reflected her experiences of childhood as well as family matters. She has also demonstrated the outlook of women within the family as well as society. She has reflected the perception of women within the society. As discussed by Bauer,The Changeling has reflected an interaction between a father and his daughter. This poem is consisted with the nostalgia and childhood memories of a daughter and father. However, this poem is spoken the story of a young girl and the relationship with her father. This poem has described how the young girl has focused on the abilities those can affect the attention of her father. The poet here challenges the typical role as well as character of women within the society. This poem has demonstrated beautiful understanding about the own world of a child and the tendency of role-play within the family and society. This poem reflects the alternative view of little girl. This poem has not contained traditional aspect of thyme or any form of rhythm. Every girl does some actions for attracting her father. Therefore, this poem has reflected the childhood memory of this poet. Judith Ortiz Cofer has reflected the thought about the women within the family and society. Her mot her also had the traditional view about the life of girls that women should be in kitchen for serving the male members of the family. On the other hand, My father in the navy, a childhood memory is a description of a father by his daughter. The poet has demonstrated his respect towards her father. The poet has demonstrated the professional attitude as well as status of her father. However, the first few sentences of the poem have described the tone of the full poem. As discussed by (Fitts), this poem has made full of respect of the pot towards the poet. The poet did not have the opportunity to stay with her father, as her father was too busy with his work. However, the poet respected her father because of his profession and the structure of her father. She did not have the idea about her father. This poem was written by Judith Ortiz Cofer in relation with the childhood memory of her father and mother also. There was a hope for every wife, mother, sister that their husband, son and brother will come from their work. There was the sound of siren that was the sign of returning home of their father as well as husband o r brother or lover. Therefore, poet has demonstrated the worry and waits for the father or husband who works outside of the place. On the other hand, the poet has also demonstrated the mysterious thought about the submarine also. She has reflected these childhood memories of the poet in this poem. This poem is a saga of her childhood memories regarding his father, mother, family and the childlike thoughts of different elements of her childhood life. She has demonstrated the childhood memories and long awaited factors of homecoming of her (Sez). By the poem El Olvido, poet Judith Ortiz Cofer has demonstrated the tendency of forgetfulness of childhood memories and place of childhood. Every human being has to remember the childhood place as well as birthplace. According to Judith Ortiz Cofer, no human being should forget the route or the birthplace of the individual. Every person within the society should remember the birthplace. The childhood experience of every human being reflects the whole life. The childhood memory, birthplace influence the ability as well as capability of adulthood within the life of every person within the society. However, there is route of every person while living in the society. A person can go in different places due to the professional as well as family and social matters. Nevertheless, the person should not forget the place of birth or the route (Andersen). 2. Presentation of themes in these three poems: The theme of the poem The Changeling is based on positive theme of life. Main theme of this poem is based upon the picture as well as status of women in the society. The thought of women has presented in this poem. The poem My father in the navy, a childhood memory is written on positive theme. The theme of this poem is positive. The poet has written this poem on a positive note on her father. She has shown respect as well as love towards her father. On the other hand (Greene) stated that, the theme of this poem is forgetting thing. The poet here has expressed the danger of forgetfulness of the route of every person. Every person should remember the place of birth. The memory should be bright within the soul of every person within the society wherever the person goes. 3. Stylistic evidence of her work: The poet has demonstrated her experiences of life with general ways. There was simple tenure of write up, rhythm. The work of this poet has explored the gap between heritage and culture as well as route of life (Shea). She has combined the thoughts and relentless efforts of saving the route within entire of her life. Her style has presented the relentless respect towards the past and event of the past. She has supported the fact that every person should not forget the past and route of the birth. Reference list: Andersen, Margaret, and Patricia Hill Collins.Race, class, gender: An anthology. Cengage Learning, 2015. Bauer, Margaret. "Multicultural Influence Upon Judith Ortiz Cofers Silent Dancing: Telling the Story of a Bicultural Life, Illuminating American Multiculturalism."Dissidences2.4 (2012): 4. Fitts, Alexandra. "Coming of Age and the Transnational Subject in the works of Judith Ortiz Cofer."L'rudit franco-espagnol1 (2012): 58-71. Greene, Tawnysha Cherice. "A House Made of Stars." (2013). Sez, Elena Machado. "Troubling nationhood in US Latina literature: Explorations of place and belonging by Maya Socolovsky." (2015): 140-142. Shea, Rene H., Lawrence Scanlon, and Robin Dissin Aufses.Literature Composition: Reading, Writing, Thinking. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2011.

The woods Essay Example For Students

The woods Essay The woods, lakes, and rivers afford not only chase sufficient for any that delight in that kind of toil or pleasure, but such beasts to hunt that besides the delicacy of their bodies for food, their skins are so rich as may well recompense thy daily labor with a captains pay. This quote from John Smiths description of New England suggests the theme of nature as one in six seventeenth century works. From Smiths point of view, we see that New England thrives in natural resources. He speaks of its beauty and ability to support its inhabitants. This type of beauty is also described in the several other works that was read. We will write a custom essay on The woods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the Ojibwa Traditional poem, Calling Ones Own, nature is being compared to how the narrator feels. The breath of your mouth is the fragrance of flowers in the morning. It is apparent through this passionate and heartfelt limerick that the author has a place in their heart reserved for the one theyre talking to. The glorious day of rain is near in the this Navaho Traditional. Listen! Rain Approaches! is an ode to rain, which strengthens their crops. Heart was put into the excitement of a rain to come, them looking forward to that years harvest. A few of the crops are mentioned with adjectives and metaphors that suggest its great ability to suffice. My love is such that rivers cannot quench,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Another reference to nature in a poem that was written by Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband, and a passionate representation of just how much. Of course, it is hard, usually, to put these feelings down as words. The human emotional composition is extremely complex. Again about the comparison of nature and human feelings, Bradstreet displays the type of sensory image that Smith expresses in his description of New England. While all these works may be talking about completely different things, they all relate to the beauty of nature, in all its wonder. Whatever they feel, its such a passionate and beautiful feeling, that natures beauty seems to be the most acceptable and logical comparison.

Oxford Scandal Shakes up the Education World Essays

Oxford Scandal Shakes up the Education World Essays Oxford Scandal Shakes up the Education World Essay Oxford Scandal Shakes up the Education World Essay Oxford is thought to be the pioneer of education all over the world and it comes as an inherent disappointment when a scandal like this comes to the fore. The newest scandal against the ancient university is that of taking students in accordance with their wealth, reports The Guardian. The news, revealed just this week, shocked students and parents across the world because of the inherent knack of meritocracy that Oxford was so well renowned for. This is the reason why many students were rejected to be a part of Oxford last year, since they had to prove that they had a substantial amount of wealth. Not only did that form an elitist society, but also did not give any chances to students from smaller backgrounds who deserved to study at the university. The court proceedings took place this week whereby officials from the Admissions Office had to apologize for their unmentioned criterion. Their claim was that most universities followed the same pattern and it only made sense if Oxford did not miss out. However, coupled with the low acceptance rate and the fee bracket, the judge felt that the argument only made so much sense. However, this practice, it was found, was only limited to postgraduate programs. This raised much hue and cry in the House of Commons where the University Minister, David Willets stayed mum on the issue and simply commented that he knew of the lack of transparency prevalent in the admission process and how that was hindering the talents of several students. The director of graduate admissions, was therefore, made to apologize in court for wrongly depriving students of their right to be able to study in the institution. Jane Elizabeth Sherwood’s apology was then reiterated back to her as it was found that despite her claims and suggestions, college policy was twisted to suit officials as opposed to students. This not only severely disturbed students’ faith in Oxford, but also kept poor students from even applying this year. Officials were disappointed by the precedent that had been broken because of these practices and promised an action to stop this. The college being sued is St. Hugh’s. In addition to thirteen thousand pounds asked of students, they were also to pay for their accommodation costs therein, making it impossible for them to afford Oxford. The latest update is that Elizabeth was not incriminated along with several others, because she purported, she had continuously fought for admissions to be made on the ground of meritocracy. It is imperative that education be provided to the best of its extent by college officials and if universities like Oxford have started going on money based agenda, then it is only a matter of time before the rest of UK’s universities decide to flare up their fees and not let poor students attend college courses. It is that kind of attitude that keeps most from achieving what they truly deserve in life.

Reparations in The United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reparations in The United States - Essay Example According to the study  the life challenges the African American are facing today are because of slavery, and the life they underwent during slavery.  This is because they were taken from their homes in Africa, and abused in America by a regularity that ruined the structure of their families, as well as destroying the individual. When the American decided to end slavery,   the African   American were left with nothing, denied education, segregated making them experience a lot of economic challenges. Compared to the Europeans, the African American remained disadvantaged in the society, and it is said that they are likely to remain like that until the government compensates them.From this essay it is clear that the provided welfare and affirmative action, as well as other effort established to address socio economic challenges of the African Americans have been too small.These efforts have failed because the society has failed to tackle the main challenge affecting the African American people. This is because of racism and discrimination they present to the African American people.  To some extent the social welfare programs were established   for good intentions. However, have largely contributed to the isolation of the African American people, and further destroyed the African American society. Furthermore, the established programs only benefited other people leaving out the African Americans.   Ã‚  ... Compared to the Europeans, the African American remained disadvantaged in the society, and it is said that they are likely to remain like that until the government compensates them.7 3 The provided welfare and affirmative action, as well as other effort established to address socio economic challenges of the African Americans have been too small.8 These efforts have failed because the society has failed to tackle the main challenge affecting the African American people. This is because of racism and discrimination they present to the African American people.9 To some extent the social welfare programs were established for good intentions. However, have largely contributed to the isolation of the African American people, and further destroyed the African American society. Furthermore, the established programs only benefited other people leaving out the African Americans.4 Supporters for reparations noted that, reparations were not going to promote dependence. However, they were going to offer the African American people an opportunity to develop their own economic foundation and become independent.10 According to McCarthy, reparations were meant to restore past injustices, to amend the harms imposed, and to socialize their victims. This is because several existing African Americans went to isolated schools that had limited resources. In other circumstances where they went for higher education, then it was upon them to choose a black collage or not attend college at all.11 The African Americans experienced discrimination in job appointments, and they experienced poor access of information. They were categorized as second class citizens in the United States. McCarthy noted that this reparation took two forms the collective compensation and collective

Uzbekistan Insurance Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Uzbekistan Insurance Company - Case Study Example "However a person may also be interested in his former wife/husband where ties of affection and care continue to exist" 3 The fact that Vicky called Dave to set right the faulty wiring even after their divorce would prove that there existed cordial relationship between them signifying existence of insurable interest. However as a matter of abundant precaution, it is advised that confidential enquires must be made rule out the remote chances of Dave's intention to kill her in a seemingly accidental fire due to faulty wiring, before settling his claim. Secondly Dave's claim for the damage to the house due to the fire can not be entertained for the following reasons. The fire policy is a contract of indemnity unlike a life policy. In contract of indemnity, insurable interest must be present both at the time of conclusion of contract as well as at the time of occurrence of the insured event. In this case, because of the confirmed ownership of the house in Vicky's name and because of their divorce, Dave did not have insurable interest on Vicky's life. Further because his wiring was faulty and his negligence contributed to the loss and even if he had had insurable interest, he is not eligible for claim on the damage to the house. The second case is regarding Brian who dies while surfing apparently due to drowning confirmed by the presence of water in the lungs in post mortem. The fact that he over-exerted himself while jogging can be attributed as a contributory negligence and hence the claim of his lawyers for 20, 000 need not be settled provided there are provisions in the personal accident policy to that effect."An injured person's failure to exercise due care, which along... Uzbekistan Insurance Company Three questions arise for considering the claims of Dave: 1) Whether he has insurable interest on Vicky’s life even after their divorce 2) Whether death of Vicky was caused by his evil design under the pretext of accidental fire and 3) Whether he has insurable interest on the house and whether his negligence in wiring disqualifies him from making the claim. The second case of Brian need not be settled because of his contributory negligence though his lawyers can claim for relief due to comparative negligence. The third case of Heather's death due to hospital's ineffective cleaning though she had been admitted due to allergy which she had not disclosed in the proposal, her husband's can be settled at higher premium rate with proportionately reduced sum assured since it would be too harsh to reject the claim on two counts. One even if she had stated the allergic condition, only higher premium would have applied and two, the death was not due to allergy. The second case is regarding Brian who dies while surfing apparently due to drowning confirmed by the presence of water in the lungs in post mortem. The fact that he over-exerted himself while jogging can be attributed as a contributory negligence and hence the claim of his lawyers for â‚ ¤ 20, 000 need not be settled provided there are provisions in the personal accident policy to that effect.†An injured person's failure to exercise due care, which along with another person's (the defendant's) negligence, contributed to the injury.

Marketing channel proposal for bank of America Essay

Marketing channel proposal for bank of America - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that marketing channels are important to a firm’s distribution objectives. The first is specialization and the second is contractual efficiency. The principle of specialization refers to the assignment of distribution tasks to firms that possess the necessary expertise. The paper presents the opening a 200 branch retail network embedded within the BS network. The marketing channel has two important parts: the physical distribution structure that moves a product from the manufacturer to the consumer or user and the consequent marketing structure that is established as a part of the channel of distribution to ensure the manufacturer that all marketing objectives are accomplished. The primary marketing objective of Bank of America is to profitably reach as many potential consumers of their products as soon as possible. The bank branch remains a viable and important delivery channel for retail banking customers and is the primary locatio n for new product sales. The Bank of America still expresses a need for the traditional bank branch. The advantages of a retail bank branch are security, branch business productivity and continuity, financial transactions, risk management, compliance with new regulations and preserving customer trust by building customer trust. Moreover, a bank branch can implement multiple sales promotions the whole year through sales contests and incentives; and special promotional deals (e.g., discounts offered during a specified period of time). Pull promotions are directed at end-use customers and are designed to encourage them to request a product from channel members such as wholesalers, retailers, or both. OPTION II. Utilising an internet only channel for its current account product. An internet only channel is an electronic marketing channel which enables clients to use banking and other financial services by employing various information technologies with no need for a direct contact with a bank clerk. This electronic banking is faster, better and cheaper.Bank of America can build a whole marketing strategy around high technology and quality. The issue of quality is a goal and a bond among all corporate functions. To exploit commitment opportunities, the bank can preempt its competitors. The business, however, has to be especially wary of environmental changes that can erode the value of its early investments. Size is beneficial only when there are compelling advantages to being large, such as economies of scale, scope, or experience. Advantages through preferred access to resources, information, or customers can give a business a sustainable advantage that is independent of Bank of America will inform their clients of the time schedule within which they can order individual services and the time of execution of orders for each individual state-of-the-art electronic marketing channel. Consequently, there will be trade-offs. Greater convenience increases security risks, and greater complexity reduces convenience. OPTION III. Adoption of the current MBNA model which focuses on the telephone as the core channel for its credit card, loans and insurance services. The challenge for banks is to create value and to retain control over their customers. Telephone service is crucial for banks. Telephone service enables wire transfers, automated clearing house transactions, automated teller machine transactions and inquiries, remote processing, and teller terminals located in branches but connected to an off-site host computer. It also fosters the numerous bank functions that rely on voice connections. However, the telephone as a core service and marketing channel for the bank suffers from specific weaknesses. One, when there is no electricity, there is no telephone service. Second, telephone outages which result from natural disasters can cut off bank transactions for a given period of time. In order to improve customer service, the bank can offer

Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees The essay will look at dispersal policy; a brief background and description of the dispersal policy. Critically analysing the policy in relation to asylum seekers, elaborate the role of NASS and arguments on welfare and asylum seekers in relation to Britains changing laws of seeking asylum. Outline how ideologies have used those policies and the impact they have caused. Critique the policy; explain the Implications and challenges for social work practice in relation to the policy. A policy is a concept developed by government or political party to put down decisions 0r performance and matters that will prove advantageous to society in general. Dispersal is the process of moving asylum seekers to different areas of residence, to share the call on resources and public services amongst a wider range of local authorities across the UK instead of one particular area of the country. Under the immigration and Asylum Act 1999, any asylum seeker requiring support and accommodation may be dispersed anywhere in the UK while their applications are being considered (www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk). Asylum is protection given by a country to someone who is fleeing persecution in their own country. It is given under the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. To be recognised as a refugee, you must have left your country and be unable to go back because you have a well-founded fear of persecution. The person claiming for protection is an asylum seeker. If the claim go through the person becomes a refugee (ww.homeoffice.gov.uk). In Britain, legislation and social policy in relation to asylum and refugees has been a priority for long. Britain gave attention to the refugees they had drafted in the1951 UN convention to provide protection to people who are at risk of persecution in their own countries. People from common wealth countries were invited to fill in gaps in the labour market following the economic boom in 1960sand thus settled in the Greater London. Dispersal has a history in UK, though it is only in recent years that it has come to be used routinely for asylum seekers. Before the 1990s, it was used to distribute specific groups of refugees such as the polish resettlement in 1950s, the Ugandan Asians in 1972, the Chileans in 1974-1979, the Vietnamese as an attempt to de-concentrate ethnic minority families whose numbers had had been considered too high in relation to resources such as housing and schools. (Griffiths, Sigona and Zetter, 2005). The concentration of asylum seekers in London and south east generated localised social and economic costs that those areas were not willing to accept. As a result of local tensions, the practical problems of housing, and supporting large and unexpected numbers of additional residents, some LA started to disperse asylum seekers. From 1996 on wards, London boroughs such as Harrow sent asylum seeker to Teignmouth in Devon (Robinson et al 2003 p: 122). This inspired dispersal and more local authorities were encouraged to do so voluntarily. More so, the policy was also inspired by dispersal of Bosnians in 1993, which was hailed as an example of effective settlement based up cluster areas and the principle of ethnic community formation (Griffiths et al 2005). Initially the policy applied to asylum seekers who are destitute. If they asked for accommodation, they could only refuse to go if they have a medical support in London, risk of domestic violence and have relatives around. The main aims of the dispersal are to relieve pressure on councils in key areas of South East and London which have been over burdened with asylum seekers and to distribute the load more evenly around the count. Those requiring accommodation would be dispersed to areas with housing to spare (www.bbc.co.uk/news). Dispersal was also seen as a means of improving the access of minority ethnic groups to improving life chances and a way of reducing prejudice through the deconstruction of stereotypes that these groups with areas characterised by overcrowding, poverty. The dispersal would encourage informal connection between neighbours of different races who might then begin to see each other as individuals rather than as stereotypes. The objectives of the policy were to control asylum seekers to enter the UK, increasing speed of the decision making for asylum seekers, refurbishing the financial support method of welfare benefits (Griffiths et al 2005). However, to supporters of dispersal policy, the issue is one of costs and equity: if society has made the democratic decision admit migrants, then the whole of society should bear the costs (Robinson 2003, P: 163). When you look at dispersal, it is not about cutting costs, sharing the burden or addressing racism, but about soothing the fears of some voters who want to believe that immigration, and who is allowed to stay in their cities is under control. The government needs to embrace asylum seeking, shift in the tone of public debate away from illegal immigration and deterrence, using the educational system to change public perceptions, and promoting community involvement, active engagement and sponsorship (www.migrationyorkshire.org.uk). Dispersal as a form of enforced population control is primarily a means of reducing the social visibility of asylum seekers and their potential pollution of social space. If the concentration of asylum seekers in the community is constructed as a problem for race relations, then their social dispersal is both a valid and desirable outcome (Griffiths et al 2005). By 1990s the number of asylum seekers had increased sharply and public opinion had turned against them, racialising the issue and labelling them as bogus and undeserving (Robinson et al 2003 P: 122). They are perceived to be economically motivated. Today immigration is perceived by many in Britain as a problem for our society which stems from a fear of unknown. Refugees and asylum seekers create an unwanted entity of the otherness in the margins of UK. From the moment they arrive they face an unpredictable and often aggressively hostile local public with racist political sentiment openly engaging in intimidation and local press making accusations of bogus claims and a drain on national resources (Pierson, 2002,p: 203, Dobrowolsky and Lister 2005). This othering resulted in discriminatory policies, which lead to the social exclusion, and discrimination of the asylum seekers, and refugee communities to the extent that their basic human rights have been challenged and their very existence has been criminalized (Dominelli 2002). I think devising strategies to prevent refugees coming to the country are a threat to the civilisation as it violates the basic human rights. The media could be partly to blame for this concept as they often wrongly imply that all asylum seekers for example, are criminals. Glasgow suspended its participation in the scheme in the wave of press hysteria. Media portrayals are often confusing and unreliable as they represent a gloomy impression about asylum seekers. The media blow up the insecurities of the public to sale more papers, as they are the only visible group in the local communities to blame for the ill health of the welfare system in the country. They have been an easy target for all as they are po werless, dislocated, silent, and do not even having the right to be here (Robinson et al 2003). Before 1996, asylum seekers were entitled to use the same social services as the rest of the population for example, if they had had been homeless, they would go to a homeless person unit, for support. The conservative Government introduced the asylum and immigration Act 1996, which meant that asylum seekers were cut off from mainstream welfare benefits. This left asylum seekers with no access to services. However, this was against the 1948 National Assistance Act which requires local authorities to provide welfare support to those destitute asylum seekers. Some local authorities started providing support to asylum seekers and their dependants if they appeared to be destitute. But, this was done on ad hoc basis and there were no clear guidelines of the local authorities responsibilities. In 1999, a new policy had been formulated for asylum seekers and refugees, which is called immigration and asylum Act 1999. The immigration and asylum Act 1999 gave the National Asylum support service (NASS) the responsibility to provide services and meet needs of asylum seekers. This was due to the problems encountered by the social policy of UK regarding asylum and refugees, the policymakers have decided to establish the NASS in April 2000. NASS was set up to alleviate the pressure on the LA, and also to meet the government view that access to social security benefits creates a pull factor on economic migration. The major role of NASS was to provide support and accommodation for those asylum seekers who are poor while their claim is still being considered. Individual will be given accommodation in the UK, which is usually located and on a no choice basis. This meant that NASS has the sole right to decide for the asylum seekers will be moved (Griffiths et al 2005). In 1999 the dispersal policy marked a fundamental change in British asylum approach by Introducing new procedures for the reception and accommodation of asylum seekers pending their claim for status determination in the UK (www.fmreview.org). Failed asylum seekers are often destitute when support is cut off 21 days after a final claim for asylum is refused (Refugee Action 2006). The Red Cross estimate some 26,000 are living off food parcels although the figure could be far higher (www.rcn.org.uk/). Dispersal failed to relieve pressure on London. It is possible that up to 2/3 of asylum seekers decided to remain in London and stay with friends and relatives rather than take up accommodation in other parts of UK while this does not add pressure to housing, it creates problems a with health and education www.school.gov.uk/policyhub/asylum_dispersal). There were many draw backs, in the dispersal, as there was miscommunication between NASS and agencies concerned. There was no sufficient accommodation in the dispersal areas and the whole situation was in shambles as reported by the for example, councils did not know how many people were sent to them and what language they spoke so that they arrange translating services. In general, principles of the policy were not effectively adhered to. NASS should work closely with other agencies to coordinate action to ensure the presence of asylum seekers do not harm community relations. NASS has been criticised by Fekete as being oppressive and institutionalised racism in her report Crimes of NASS: What is so alarming about the approach of NASS is that they do not consider it their duty to protect asylum seekers from racial violence, or ensure racial harmony, NASS is probably the only body in the country with no coherent policies against racial harassment and no apparent overall strategy to promote good race relations (Fekete, 2001). Since the year 2000, the NASS took the responsibility of asylum seekers to disperse them, wherever there is accommodation without considering their culture, language or any individual needs. Those who are vulnerable were left without support or information (Cohen, 2002, p: 119). Ethnic minority people suffer from linguistic deprivation in areas they are dispersed to. Initially, the idea was to send asylum seekers to established communities who shared a common language and provided comfort and support. However, due to limited resources and scarcity of accommodation in some places, most asylum seekers were sent to places away from the communities. Breaking up families and then dumping asylum seekers in sub-standard accommodation in some of our poorest communities was always bound to backfire. It is a policy that was neither human nor practical (www.independent.co.uk/news). From 1996 onwards, the responsibility of asylum seekers was given to voluntary organisations, for instance, NASS who dispersed refugees away from their countrymen and families. In so doing, their networks are sabotaged and left in isolation where they do not share any ownership or sense of belonging. They are unable to convey information or attain financial assistance from their communities, and that keeps them in a state of tension. There are questions about the long-term impacts on social cohesion, because clustering can deprive these groups of people of integrating in the community. Also, clustering led to emergency of Ghettos in deprived areas of asylum seekers. This may in turn hinder refugees future integration into communities (The Guardian 2005). In addition to that, dispersal has led asylum seekers being sent to live in the very poorest areas where there were large numbers of people living on either benefits or in the lowest-paid jobs where they were not only more likely to face assaults but were also twice as likely to face racial harassment. More so, the accommodation of these dispersed people is made with no choice as to the location and anyone leaving the accommodation offered to them will lose the right to support. As a result, they are will be impoverishment, poverty, exploitation, ill health and sometimes death. Secondly; some of them whose claims are still pending are sometimes taken to detention centres where they are dealt with brutally with discrimination and abuse (Cohen, Humphries Mynott, 2002). In relation to housing some private landlords force asylum seekers to live as a family with people they do not even know. Overcrowding has become an issue for larger families, which are given smaller accommodation. Others return to their homeless charities after failing to cope with the situation (Audit Commission 2000, p: 3). NASS housed accommodation has no legal protection from eviction and the legislation of 1999 deteriorated in relation to housing conditions for asylum seekers and where by landlords growing richer on contracts in order to accommodate asylum seekers (Cohen et al, 2002). One of the worst impacts of the Asylum and Immigration Act is the extension of immigration checks to housing and to all homeless applications. If the Home Office learns that a refuge has received public funds, he might lose the right to stay in the country or fail to renew their permission to stay (Cohen et al 2002). Again, the vouchers are stigmatising, as they are used in fewer shops and less on public transport. Asylum seekers and Refugees who are skilled, experience high unemployment and low pay as there are not as many jobs in rural areas as the cities, and the policy sabotage them from their networks that would help them. As a result of this, asylum seekers are discriminated against instead of being offered opportunities and strategies for help (Ibid). The government initiative towards asylum seekers preserved within the 2004 Asylum Act did not include the children welfare or to ensure that their human rights were thought of. On the contrary, children of asylum seekers whose claims failed are threatened to be removed from their families due to the powers of this act. A government which sets out to make the children of failed asylum seekers destitute cannot seriously argue, Every child matters (Lavalette and Pratt, 2006, p. 200). It destabilizes the domestic and international human rights commitment and undermines the Third Way ambition of every child matters. The detention centres, prisons and enforcement of dispersal programmes together with the 2002 Nationality Immigration and Asylum Seekers Act are all stereotyping asylum seekers as criminals, agree to be dispersed anywhere to get support, accommodation taken off them if they try to choose, taken in to isolation with high levels of crime directed to them, lack of legal representation. According to the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigration: These policies are not only discriminatory against one of the most vulnerable sections of our community but also, of the worst kinds of social engineering which is destined to fail (www.lga.gov.uk). More so, the Audit Commission has reported that asylum seekers and refugees get poor health care though they are entitled to free healthcare. Some of the GPs have taken their names off the lists as there is a tendency that it might impact on their surgeries. On the other hand, the examinations refugees take at ports of entry, have no follow ups due to poor health check ups. They are again registered temporary which does not allow keeping frequent medical records and cannot put their needs into account due to the rights and responsibilities of healthcare. For instance, most refugees experience post-traumatic stress disorder as they escape. (Audit commission 2000a). The dispersal is reported to have improved recently, but this is down to the NASS working closely with other agencies like police, landlords, and local councils. They had all been included in the deciding in the area that was to be used, monitored the impact of the arrival of the asylum seekers on schools and other services and monitored community tension (guardian 2005). The policy has some success; this is evidenced by the larger number of refugees and asylum seekers in Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester areas, and Birmingham hosts a sizeable refugee population in Wet midlands. There has been a corresponding growth of refugee community organisations (RCO) in these areas compared to before the dispersal policy of 1999 (Griffiths et al 2005). In this section the will look at implications and challenges of social workers face in their work with asylum seekers and refugees in the context of dispersal policy in the UK are: Social workers tasks include giving assistance and proper attention to these individuals and ensuring that they receive the services which are included in the immigration and asylum Act. NASS is responsible for identifying who among the asylum seekers have the right to be given the services offered by such agency. The NASS should coordinate with the social workers, and the members of the enquiry lines to know if there are asylum seekers who need assistance of the government (Dominelli, 2008). Hayes and Humphries (2006, p: 44) argue that it is often the most vulnerable who suffer from lack of additional support; parents worry for the health and well-being of their children. For example, a mother who can not breastfed her child because she is HIV positive and cannot afford to buy formula milk for her child. This puts social workers in a dilemma as they are forced to decide on eligibility based on immigration status, and the tension between social work values of providing for those in need and the requirement to exclude people from services. Social workers are forced to negotiate between this role of controlling access to support and that of providing care. In addition to that, social workers working with asylum seekers experience a growing demand for the services as a result of new arrivals in a period of the budget constraint and their work tended to be dominated by assessing eligibility and providing for immediate needs rather than a broad social work role. Social workers need to understand the impact of negative stereotyping on asylum seekers. Thompson (2009, P: 158) the need to recognise the significance of discrimination and oppression in clients lives and circumstances has been emphasised. As we have seen that asylum seekers will be subject to racist media portrayals and hostile views from members of the public, these factors will not help to integrate them into the community once an application has been successful. Thompson (2009, p: 18) argues that the role of social work is to contribute to social stability, to ensure that the level of social discontent does not reach a point where the social order may be threatened. Therefore, it is the role of social workers to help asylum seekers to integrate into local communities and adjust to a new culture. They will need to help asylum seekers to become more empowered as individuals and groups so that they can better represent themselves in the wider community. Empower involves practitione rs having to reinvent their practice and their perceptions of particular problems and solutions (Trevithick, 2005, p: 219). Social workers were under pressure as Social Services are using their already over stretched budgets to provide for asylum seekers. Following the negative media portrayals; the local populations made the assumption that the social services budgets were drained, not as a result of government not providing enough money, but because of the asylum seekers. A discussion about who pays the taxes for public welfare and costs of migration devalues immigrants contributions to economic growth (Dominelli, 2008). In some cases social workers were seen as supporting asylum seekers and neglecting the rest of the population. The role of a social worker is to address issues of oppression and discrimination on a daily basis yet their involvement is too little. Emphasis on the health and welfare of children allow social workers to become focused on specific issues such as safe case transfer of unaccompanied asylum seeking children, while not focusing on the needs of the vulnerable adult. (Hayes et al, 2006). Instead of the centralised NASS service provision, it would be better if asylum seekers could use local Social Services teams and benefits offices as these are more accessible. However, limited resources and staffing, the government should provide more support within the existing mainstream structures. Instead of training more social workers and community workers to support the asylum seekers, the government set up NASS, whose staff are not trained in anti-discriminatory principles, and had not got enough experience in housing and settlement issues. NASS work practices lead to more discrimination and social exclusion of the asylum seekers. Social workers must seek clarification within their services concerning the issues related to asylum seekers. As the most asylum seekers do not speak English or cannot command the language well, social workers should make good use of interpretation services and make sure that these services are available for the asylum seekers and able to communicate appropriately. Patel and Kelly (2006, p:5) suggest that ensuring access to interpreting services, and more equitable access to language learning opportunities, is essential for the appropriate provision of social care to Asylum seekers. It is my belief that all human beings deserve respect and dignity and should be treated will equal concern; however, looking at the media it is evident that the UK is struggling to sustain the support required for asylum seekers, which is becoming a growing problem within the UK today. The Human Rights Act 1998 applies to anyone living within the UKs borders regardless of circumstances or nationality; until an asylum seeker receives refugee status they are often in a state of limbo and regularly their equal rights are denied. Therefore, anti discriminatory practice and humanitarianism is vital within Social Work practice. Social workers should be involved in campaigning for the rights and ensure that they are observed (Dominelli 2008). The role of a social worker is to adhere to enhancing an atmosphere of acceptance, tolerance and equality for all individuals no matter what their background is. It is essential that Social Workers and those accountable for providing services and support to the most vulnerable in our society do not lose sight of the fact that asylum seekers, regardless of their immigration status, are human beings, with fundamental and basic human rights, needs and aspirations. In conclusion, although dispersal policies are always understood as ways of temporarily accommodating asylum seekers as they wait for their decision on their asylum claims, the government needs to look at things on a long-term basis so that they are dispersed where they are able to integrate. Therefore, policy makers should also think of the future employment probability and service as they are most of the requirements for the future. NASS should work together with agencies concerned to make sure that asylum seekers are not put at risk. I have critically describe the policy, explained the implications of the policy into social work practice.

Writing with Technology Essay -- Writing Technology Education Writer E

Writing with Technology The task was seemingly straightforward; create a piece of writing without using a single form of technology. I didn’t think this would be much of a problem. I figured I could hand-write something instead of typing it or using a word processor and that would meet the requirements of the project. However, according to Dennis Baron in his essay From Pencils to Pixels the pencil is, in fact, a form of technology. Evidently, it was invented â€Å"by joiners, woodworkers specializing in making furniture, to scribe measurements for wood† (Tribble/Trubek, 42). Adding further to my obstacles, paper, being a created object, was not an option as well. This was turning out to be harder than I thought. After I pondered and thought through a myriad of options, I found it to be increasingly difficult to revert back to what felt like caveman days when writings were scratched on a stone wall using very sharp rocks. When I had thought it through to what I thought was the fullest extent, I began preparing for this project trying to use the same premise as the very basics of the typewriter; to imprint letters on a surface and make them visible with the use of a substance that stands out visually from the surface. Unfortunately, this premise did not work for me as it had for Mark Twain, â€Å"one of the first Americans to buy what was, in 1874, a new-fangled novelty: a typewriter† (500). Easy it was for him to use such a technology, but how difficult it was for me! I initially tried to create a writing technology without using technology by thinking of ideas that were detailed, complex, and difficult. My original idea, I found, turned out to be much more complicated than I had anticipated. I recruited my boyfriend and we wen... ...s impossible to complete without using any form of technology at all. Although I enjoyed the discovery process and the creation of my writing technology, I can’t help but wonder how inconvenient it would have been for Thoreau to spend his time in the woods crushing berries and writing with a stick. Works Cited Baron, Dennis. â€Å"From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literacy Technology.† Writing Material: From Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn Tribble, Anne Trubek. Addison Wesley Longman. New York. 2003. Ong, Walter. â€Å"Writing is a Technology That Restructures Thought.† Writing Material: From Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn Tribble, Anne Trubek. Addison Wesley Longman. New York. 2003. Twain, Mark. â€Å"The First Writing-Machines.† Writing Material: From Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn Tribble, Anne Trubek. Addison Wesley Longman. New York. 2003.

Amway Marketing Max

The amway is the one of the company in the world who is selling the products which are helpful to the people in home in commercical foe personal and many other factor. But in the india ther are so many person who are very poor and he has no house but some person who are rich and his income per month is 14000 they are using the amway products but the others are donot use the amway bproducts because they are satisfy with the other products because they all are using last some years ago so amway products are not very much using in the india if amway some change for his product place and price so ther is possible to increase in the profit.There are the 4 ps of the company these are as follows Price Place Product and Promotion These are the 4ps of the amway these are common for all the marketing maix for the company. In the amway company 4ps are give the advice for the nutrition food and many other products . Product:- In the amway there are the different types of the products these are a s follows. Nutrition and wellness. consulates. home care. personal care. commercial products.These are the all the amway products but in this ther are the various types just like that Nutrition and wellness * Food supplementary * food * miscellaneous health and fitness Cosmetics * attitude * skin care products Home care * laundry care * apparel care * household cleaners * glass and mettle cares * more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Personal care * hair care products * oral care products * body and skin care products * family care products * more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Commercial products * agriculture products the amway company is

Types of Plagiarism Essays

Types of Plagiarism Essays Types of Plagiarism Essay Types of Plagiarism Essay Have you ever shared a really clever joke with a group of people who laugh hysterically, and then someone from that audience retells your joke and gives you no credit? Without any effort, that person made themselves look funny, when really they’re a thief.Plagiarizing is a lot like the joke thief. Plagiarism occurs when a writer uses information other people have produced, without giving credit to the original sources. A student can test an essay for plagiarism and see how it looks like on the real example. All jokes aside, statistics show that 50% of students admit to cheating whether it be homework, a test or plagiarizing a paper.One out of three high school students admit to plagiarizing a paper (What is Plagiarism?). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines plagiarism as â€Å"stealing† and â€Å"committing literary theft.†Many try to water down the seriousness of plagiarism by referring to it as â€Å"borrowing† or â€Å"copying† but the offense should not be taken so lightly.What constitutes as plagiarism? Most people would assume it is as black and white as copying and pasting from the internet into a word document. In addition copying words or ideas from someone else without giving the person credit, failing to put the quotation in quotation marks, giving incorrect information about the source, changing the words but copying the sentence structure without giving credit, and it might even be where you copy so much of a sources work that it makes up the majority of your paper even if you give credit (What is Plagiarism?) Many of these rules most people would not think that they would be plagiarism, even though it can be prevented by simply looking up in an encyclopedia or on the internet. â€Å"There are different types of plagiarism; direct plagiarism, self plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, and accidental plagiarism. Direct plagiarism is when you copy someones work word-for-word and do not give that person any type of credit. Self plagiarism is when you turn in some of your own work that you have used in the past.

Classroom Door Decorations - Ideas for All Seasons

Classroom Door Decorations - Ideas for All Seasons Your classroom door is the first thing people see when they walk past your classroom. To make sure your door stands out, take the time to create a unique display that represents your students or your teaching style. Create your classroom door decoration display by yourself, or enlist your students to help. By adding a little color and imagination to your classroom, you will have your students beaming with excitement. Fall Sweet Back to School Display A fun and tasty way to welcome your students back to school is to create a door display titled Off to a SWEET Start. Create giant cupcakes and write each students name on each one using sprinkles and glue. For the background, buy pink wrapping paper or use a colorful plastic table cloth. Mount a few colorful, edible lollipops for the students to eat later, and you have yourself a sweet back to school door display. Winter Happy Holidays To create a fantastic winter door display, have each student trace and cut out a medium sized green star. Then have each student place a photograph of themselves on the center of the star. Next, have students decorate stars with craft supplies such as sequins, glitter, markers, pom-poms, rhinestones, ribbon, etc. Once stars are completed, display them in the shape of a Christmas tree with your star in the center. Use red wrapping paper for the background, and brown paper for the stem of the tree. For an added touch, place Christmas lights around and/or throughout the tree. Spring Look at our Garden Grow After a long winter, spring into the season with a cute door decoration that will have the students and faculty beaming when they walk by. Have each student create a flower out of colored construction paper. On each pedal have them write something they have learned so far throughout the school year. Then place their photo in the middle of the flower and on the stem write their name in glitter. To create the backdrop use blue paper to represent the sky, yellow paper to represent the sun and green paper to use as the grass. Mount the flowers all around the grass in various sizes and title it Look at our Garden Grow. Summer End-of-the-Year Display A fun and unique way to end the school year and lead into summer vacation is to enlist the help of your students to create a picnic display. To begin have each student decorate a paper plate with a photo of their self and a favorite memory they have from the school year. Mount the paper plates on a checkered table cloth background and title it _____ Grade Was †¦ A Picnic! For a fun (and gross) touch have students create little ants to place around the classroom door. Additional Ideas Here are a few other ideas I have seen in the classroom, around the internet or made up on my own: Cruising into a New School Year - Create a sea blue backdrop and mount boating and sea items.We are a Class to Tweet About - Mount birds or write Twitter phrases about your students.You Make our School Pop - Create a HUGE popcorn bag and write students names on the kernel.Welcome to the Best Place to Bee - Create a bee hive and place students names on each bee.Mrs._____ Class is Souring to New Heights - Create a HUGE hot air balloon and place students names on each balloon.Hopping into ______ Grade. - Create paper frogs and place each students name on one. Looking for more ideas? Here a few creative bulletin board ideas to try in your classroom.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 319

Assignment Example The location of Parkville avoids it from direct sun’s overhead. d. [10 pts] On the back of this sheet, draw a diagram showing the titled Earth during the winter solstice.Mark the Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, and Parkville which is at 39Â °N latitude; then add the sun’s incoming parallel rays. Show where on Earth the sun reaches zenith during the winter solstice. 3. [30 pts] In the table below, fill in the altitude (i.e. the angle above the horizon) of the sun when it crossed the meridian (maximum altitude, around noon) for the different times of the year. (An altitude of 0Â ° means on the horizon. An altitude of 90Â ° means straight overhead, i.e. at zenith. Altitudes 90Â ° are not possible.) Use a value of 23.5Â ° for the axial tilt of the Earth. 1. [20 pts] In the table below, fill in the approximate time when the different moon phases are seen at the various locations. Choose from the following four answer choices: 12 PM (noon), 6PM (sunset), 12AM (midnight), 6 AM (sunrise). (Hint: Check out Figure 3.2 of your textbook.) f. [15 pts] After living on the moon a few months, the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in alignment for what Earthlings call a lunar eclipse. When you look up at the Earth, what do you see? On the back, draw a diagram of this alignment. g. [15 pts] several more months later, the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in alignment for what Earthlings call a solar eclipse. When you look up at the Earth, what do you see? On the back, draw a diagram of this

Community Action Personal Health Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Action Personal Health Paper - Essay Example The activity I chose to carry out was to send a letter to the Calvin Klein clothing company. The letter includes some points about the relationship between advertising and eating disorders, and how the Calvin Klein image is one of those which causes young people to hold themselves up to impossible standards. I feel that they are a company who really exemplifies the trend towards "thin at all costs" - the idea that thin is an ideal which should be pursued regardless of the consequences. I think that pursuit of this ideal is very unhealthy, particularly for young people. Because I have an eating disorder, carrying out this activity was quite empowering for me. I enjoyed it because advertising is such a powerful tool, and I firmly believe that if advertising were to change and start portraying real bodies wearing real-sized clothing, Western society's image of the ideal body would change. I am not really under the illusion that my letter will be the impetus for change but I am glad that I got the chance to express my opinions, and writing out exactly how I feel about these issues has felt really positive. Anorexia and Bulimia are increasingly in the public eye, particularly because the profile of these diseases is raised by celebrities who have battled these eating disorders. This is unfortunate in one sense because these diseases are legitimized by their association with the rich and famous. This is reinforced by the point that compulsive overeating and the morbid obesity which often results is far less socially acceptable than anorexia or bulimia. The community is far less inclined to accept compulsive overeating as an eating disorder, instead labeling sufferers as lazy and lacking in willpower. There are many organizations dedicated to promoting awareness of eating disorders. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders is an example of an organization which operates at the national level. This association raises awareness of eating disorders with support groups, message boards and chat rooms, education packs for schools, and publicity drives with local and national media. (ANAD 2006) According to an article that appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle early this year, Bay Area residents don't have many options when it comes to finding support for eating disorders at the local level. (Harlick 2006) However support groups do exist. One such example is the Ohlhoff Eating Disorders Program, which provides a wide array of services to aid people in recovering from all types of eating disorders. (Ohlhoff 2006) Overall I think I have learned the most from completing the activity portion of this assignment. Even though I have read about and known how advertising and fashion companies have played an influential role in the increasing trend of eating disorders, actually writing to a company to express my views has really crystallized my views on the subject. References Harlick, J. People suffering eating disorders have precious few outpatient resources in the Bay Area. San Francisco Chronicle. January 6 2006. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders Retrieved May 23, 2006 from . Ohlhoff Eating Dis

Strategy as practice and leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategy as practice and leadership - Essay Example ance, the total productivity and profitability of the organization might get enhanced to a significant extent as compared to many other rival players. Other than this, learning or educational training programs acts as the raw materials that might be used to enhance the inner knowledge and skills of the employees that may prove effective in improving the intangible assets of the organization such as customer loyalty, brand image, reputation and reliability etc. However, such type of intangible assets might amplify the prosperity and distinctiveness of the organization in the market among many other rival players. Hence, it might be clearly depicted that in order to enhance the reputation and popularity of the organization in future era, the entrepreneur might try to offer high concentration over training programs or learning processes of the employees. So, most of the organization in this age, try to implement numerous work-shops or training programs to enhance the inner talents and capabilities of the employees. As employees are considered as the most important assets of an organization without which it may not prosper in the mark et among others existing players of the market. The objective of this essay is to analyze the effectiveness and importance of learning in future development of the organization so as to amplify its prosperity in the market. Along with this, the importance of soft systems thinking (SST) in developing the organizational intellectual capital. As per Beardwell & Claydon (2010), learning is the weapon that might be used to improve the innovation of today into practice of the future era. However, it might be possible only by offering high concentration and value to the procedure of learning. This is because; it’s the process that may be used to amplify the inner knowledge and skill of the employees so as to increase the future prospects of the individual. Moreover, the process of learning is extremely essential to improve the human capital

Justice for Lena Essay Example for Free

Justice for Lena Essay Lena Baker was a black woman who endured a horrendous ordeal during her life. Born in a small town in Georgia, Lena lived with her mother and three children. Accused of murdering her employer Ernest Knight, Lena Baker alleged that he verbally and physically abused her. Keeping her as a prisoner, Lena yearned for freedom and sought many avenues to obtain it. Ernest Knight was a white man, a local gristmill owner who was determined to keep Lena not only as an employee, but also as a sexual partner. Lena came to work for Knight originally hired by his son to help with chores as he recovered from a broken leg. However, from Knight’s point of view she was there to take care of all his needs. In this paper you will get the chance to walk in Lena’s shoes. I will attempt to tell her story through magazine articles, books, newspaper articles and other research. You will see that in the end Lena’s life no matter how terrible it was, it wasn’t all in vain, and still today she is remembered for her last heartfelt words and calm disposition. Ulysia Gayle Julie Warner English December 3, 2012 Justice for Lena Lena Baker was a black woman born with three strikes against her. The first was that she was born in the south. The second was that she was born black. The third was that she was born poor. She was a black woman born in a small town in Georgia. She lived with her mother and three children and later moved five miles southwest of Cuthbert Georgia. Lena was no stranger to crime nor was she a stranger to hard work. Looking for work she acquired a job for a local gristmill owner named Ernest Knight. Knight needed a caregiver due to a broken leg. He needed help with household chores and meals, and Lena needed money. She procured the job with intentions of a business relationship only. However, Knight had other things in mind. Their relationship eventually became sexual on many occasions without Lena’s consent. The introduction of verbal and physical abuse soon followed. Threats against her safety as well as her children and mother were used to keep Lena at bay. She complied with Kni ght sexually but during this time (1940) relationships of that nature between blacks and whites were prohibited. Making several escapes, Knight would find Lena, even going to her home during peak hours on numerous occasions to take her and do with her as pleased. Later during this forbidden relationship Ernest Knight’s son as well as the town learned of its meaning and taunted Lena for it, although Knight was the aggressor. Lena was eventually assaulted by Knight’s son, beaten so critically that she needed time to recover herself. Shortly afterwards she was jailed for the same relationship. Fed up with the abuse, Lena wanted desperately to return home, but Knight begged the differ. Imprisoned she knew she was fighting for her life, despite the threats she and Knight entered into battle over a gun which Knight was eventually shot. Panicked and afraid Lena fled the scene. She eventually turned herself in with hopes that all would work in her favor. Needless to say although the town knew of this relationship, no one said anything in Lena’s defense. No one came to Lena’s rescue. There was no justice for Lena. A black woman accused of murdering a white man didn’t stand a chance no matter the circumstances. Lena soon went on trial. The trial convened on August 14, 1944, at the courthouse in Randolph County under the jurisdiction of Judge Charles William Two Gun Worrill, who presided at court with two pistols on the bench. In her testimony, Baker described how Knight locked her in the mill house while he went to a church singing. When he returned, he brought her something to eat but refused to let her leave, she said. When she insisted on going home, the two began to argue, and Knight brandished an iron bar that was used to lock the door. Baker said she feared for her life and attempted to push past Knight to leave. As she did, Knight was shot through the head. Baker testified that she walked immediately to the house of J. A. Cox (the county coroner and a man for whom she had done fieldwork) and told him that she had killed Ernest Knight, (Lela Phillips, Andrew College, Published 12/09/2005). The jury consisted of twelve white men (not unusual for 1944), but many of the jurors were good friends who attended the same small churches, socialized with each other’s families at card parties, and shared morning coffee at a local cafe. (Justice Denied, THE MAGAZINE FOR THE WRONGLY ACCUSED, Issue 29 – Summer 2005, Page 8). Found guilty of murder in less than 6 hours, Lena received the death penalty as her sentence, earning Lena Baker a place in history as the first and only woman to be sentenced to death by electric chair in the state Georgia, (Netflix, lenabakerthemovie.com 2008). On March 5th 1945, after being held in a prison in Reidsville GA, she was executed but not before saying these last words calmly. â€Å"What I done, I did in self- defense, or I would have been killed myself. I am ready to meet my God.† She was pronounced dead after six minutes and several shocks as her family mourned. (Albany Herald, Closure for The Baker Family, August 30th 2012). In 2005 Baker was granted a full and unconditional pardon by the State of Georgia, 60 years after her execution. The movie â€Å"The Lena Baker Story,† is about her life. Her nephew, Roosevelt Curry, received the papers pardoning Baker posthumously. The pardon stated the 1945 decision to deny her clemency and execute her was â€Å"a grievous error†. Baker was buried in the Vernon Missionary Baptist Church cemetery in Coleman where she is currently resting in peace. Unfortunately, neither her mother nor her children lived to see that one day there would be Justice for Lena. (Albany Herald, Closure for The Baker Family, August 30th 2012). Work Cited Phillips, Lela. â€Å"The New Georgia Encyclopedia, History and Archaeology.† The Lena Baker Case. Andrew College, Published 12/09/2005. Phillips, Lela. â€Å"Justice Denied†: THE MAGAZINE OF THE WRONGLY ACCUSED. Issue 29- Summer 2005, Page 8. Wilcox, Ralph. â€Å"Netflix, thelenabakermovie.com.† Hope and Redemption. 2008. Phillips, Bond Lela. â€Å"The Black Commentator.† Execution In A Small Town. Andrew College Cuthbert GA. The Albany Herald, Closure For The Baker Family. Issue August 30th, 2012

Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs

Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs Chapter 3 Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs. 3.2  Experimental Section 3.2.1  General procedure for the synthesis of ethano-strapped Trà ¶gers base. The methano-strapped TrÓ §gers base (4.24 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (1.60 g, 8.48 mmol, 2.0 eq.) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) and lithium carbonate (1.41 g, 19.08 mmol, 4.5 eq.) was added to the mixture which was stirred and heated at 110  °C for 3 days.   The mixture was cooled and suspended in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and then washed with water (2 25 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness.   The crude material was chromatographed (silica gel) to afford the desired ethano-strapped Trà ¶gers base products. 3.3.5  2,8-Dimethoxy-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 02-60)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2,8-dimethoxy TrÓ §gers base X (1.20 g, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (659 mg, 53%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 185-187  °C (lit.ref 186-189  °C)1.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), ÃŽ ´ 3.55-3.61 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 3.68 (6H, s, OCH3), 4.37 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.55 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.43 (2H, d, J = 2.8 Hz, ArH), 6.62 (2H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.1 3.3.4  2,8-Dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 01-120)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2,8-dibromo TrÓ §gers base X (1.65 g, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (750 mg, 45%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 220  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.47-3.59 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.35 (2H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.53 (2H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 6.96 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.04 (2H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, ArH), 7.17 (2H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.2 3.3.2  6H,12H-5,11-Ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 01-116)ACT checked NMR Starting with unsubstituted methano-strapped TrÓ §gers base X (942 mg, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (505 mg, 51%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 169-171  °C (lit.3 174  °C).   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.53-3.68 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.46 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.61 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.89-6.96 (4H, m, ArH), 7.03-7.08 (2H, m, ArH), 7.09-13 (2H, m, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.3 5.3.20Di-tert-butyl-3,9-dicarbamate-2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X (MHK-06-108)   Sample has a lot of ethyl acetate in it re-run both 1H and 13C NMR Starting with bis(3,9-tert-butyl-dicarbamate-2,8-dimethyl TrÓ §gers base X (5.00 g, 10.42 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford X (2.67 g, 52% with 7% methano strapped as a impurity) as a pale brown solid.   m.p. X-Y  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.49 (18H, s, Boc CH3), 2.03 (6H, s, CH3), 3.50-3.60 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.40 (2H, d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 4.48 (2H, d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 6.08 (2H, s, ArH), 6.67 (2H, s, ArH), 7.56 (2H, br s, NH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 17.1, 28.3, 54.9, 58.5, 80.2, 120.3, 128.4, 130.3, 132.0, 134.9, 148.8, 152.9 ppm.   FTIR 1049 (m), 1182 (s), 1230 (m), 1709 (s, C=O), 2900 (m), 2972 (m), 3295(bs), cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C28H38N4O4:   C 67.99; H 7.74; N 11.33.   Found C XX; H XX; N XX %. 3.3.38H,16H-7,15-Ethanodinaphtho[2,1-b][2,1-f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 03-72)ACT checked NMR contains an impurity ethano strap region should be symmetric Re-run both 1H and 13C NMR grow crystals! Starting with naphthalene TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.55 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (113 mg, 22%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 224-227  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.75-3.97 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.90 (2H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 5.44 (2H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 7.27-7.37 (4H, m, ArH), 7.41-7.48 (2H, m, ArH), 7.51 (2H, app. d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.67 (2H, app. d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.82 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 55.2, 55.7, 122.3, 124.4, 126.0, 127.3, 127.5, 128.3, 128.6, 131.5, 132.5, 148.5 ppm.   FTIR 828 (s), 927 (s), 1137 (m), 1209 (m), 1469 (m), 2360 (m), 2900 (m), 2959 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C24H20N2:   C 85.68; H 5.99; N 8.33.   Found C 85.73; H 5.68; N 8.59%. 3.3.72,8-Dimethanol-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 04-50)The spectrum is terrible there is NO way you can claim to have made this compound see me Starting with 2,8-dimethanol TrÓ §gers base X (400 mg, 1.42 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford X (134 mg, 32%) as a colourless solid.   m.p. X-Y  °C (lit.ref A-B  °C).2   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.76 (2H, br s, OH), 3.46-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.43 (2H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.47 (2H, s, CH2OH), 4.56 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.89 (2H, app. s, ArH), 7.02 (2H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.1 Hz, ArH), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.26 (2H, s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 54.6, 59.1, 64.8, 126.1, 127.5, 128.1, 136.7, 137.2, 149.6 ppm.   FTIR 750 (s), 884 (s), 1105 (m), 1195 (m), 1328 (m), 1491 (d), 1622 (s), 1701 (s, C=O), 2852 (m), 2893 (bs), 2946 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C18H20N2O2:   C 72.95; H 6.80; N 9.45.   Found C XX; H XX; N XX %.   See me is this compound in the literature(NOT charactrised in letreature)   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚   Ishida, Y.; Ito, H.; Mori, D.; Saigo, K., Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 109-112. 3.3.82-Bromo-8-methyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-05-18)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2-bromo-8-methyl TrÓ §gers base X (1.30 g, 4.12 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (1.00 g, 73%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 209-212  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.19 (3H, s, CH3), 3.47-3.62 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.37 (2H, app. d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 4.53 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.71 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.86-6.91 (1H, m, ArH), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz, ArH), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, ArH), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.3 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 20.7, 54.70, 54.74, 58.7, 59.0, 117.5, 127.7, 128.1, 129.1, 129.7, 130.1, 131.4, 134.4, 136.0, 139.2, 147.2, 149.5 ppm.   FTIR 863 (s), 944 (m), 1090 (m), 1219 (s), 1341 (s), 1476 (s), 1518 (s), 2901 (m), 2954 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrN2:   C 62.02; H 5.20; N 8.51.   Found C 62.29; H 5.12; N 8.68%. 3.3.92-Bromo-8-methoxyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-04-34)ACT checked NMRReplot 13C with expansions of all picked peaks and show ACTMay need to re-run 13C with more scans not sure about some peaks Starting with 2-bromo-8-methoxy TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.51 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 2:1) to afford X (180 mg, 35%) as a pale brown solid.   m.p. 156-157  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 3.50-3.60 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 3.68 (3H, s, OCH3), 4.34 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.37 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.52 (1H, d, J 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz, ArH), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.6 Hz, ArH), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.01-7.06 (2H, m, ArH), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.4 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 54.7, 54.8, 55.2, 58.8, 59.2, 112.8, 113.3, 117.6, 128.8, 129.7, 130.2, 131.5, 137.5, 139.0, 149.4, 156.6, 165.6 ppm.   FTIR 805 (m), 846 (m), 1025 (s), 1066 (s), 1278 (s), 1469 (s), 1487 (m), 1594 (m), 2359 (m), 2900 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrN2O:   C 59.14; H 4.96; N 8.11.   Found C 59.26; H 4.72; N 8.08%. 3.3.102-Ethoxycarbonyl-4,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-04-30)ACT checked 1H NMR NEED 13C NMR Starting with 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4,8-dimethyl TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.55 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (88 mg, 17%) as a pale yellow solid.   m.p. 182-185  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.32 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, CH3), 2.17 (3H, s, CH3), 2.38 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.66 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.20-4.33 (3H, m, CH2), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.60 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.69 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.85-6.89 (1H, m, ArH), 7.02-7.09 (1H, m, ArH), 7.46 (1H, app. s, ArH), 7.65 (1H, app. s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.3, 17.8, 20.7, 54.7, 55.4, 55.4, 59.3, 60.6, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.0, 130.0, 134.3, 135.5, 136.5, 137.0, 147.2, 152.8, 166.5 ppm.   FTIR 776 (s), 833 (s), 905 (m), 1025 (s), 1215 (s), 1293 (s), 1497 (s), 1709 (s, C=O), 2900 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C21H24N2O2:   C 74.97; H 7.19; N 8.33.   Found C 74.72; H 7.25; N 8.41 %. 2.3.118-Bromo-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X (MHK-05-22)ACT checked NMRNeed to re-run 13C with more scans insufficient aryl peakssections of 1H MR should go in thessi with discussion see ACT Starting with 8-bromo-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl TrÓ §gers base X (5.50 g, 14.21 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 3:1) to afford X (1.70 mg, 30%) as pale yellow solid.   m.p. 196  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.33 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, CH3), 2.36 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.21 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.24-4.34 (2H, 2 x overlapping q, J = 7.1 Hz, CH2-CH3), 4.47 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.57 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, ArH), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.44-7.46 (1H, m, ArH), 7.65-7.67 (1H, m, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.3, 17.8, 54.6, 55.0, 55.2, 59.1, 60.7, 117.6, 126.3, 128.0, 129.9, 130.2, 130.3, 131.2, 135.6, 136.6, 139.1, 149.2, 152.3, 166.4 ppm.   FTIR 827 (s), 927 (s), 1023 (m), 1150 (s), 1387 (s), 1412 (m), 11470 (s), 1704 (s, C=O), 2360 (m), 2900 (m) cm -1.   Anal. Calcd for C20H21BrN2O2:   C 59.86; H 5.27; N 6.98.   Found C 59.76; H 5.19; N 7.21%. 3.3.121,4,8-Trimethyl-2-nitro-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-02-10)Need 1H and 13C NMR where are these!!! Starting with 1,4,8-trimethyl-2-nitro- TrÓ §gers base Y (500 mg, 1.62 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate:hexane 4:1:1) to afford X (153 mg, 29%) as a yellow solid.   m.p. 138-141  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.20 (6H, s, CH3), 2.36 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.33 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 17.6, CH2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.65 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 6.75 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.89 (1H, app.d, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.40 (1H, s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.7, 17.8, 20.7, 54.1, 54.9, 55.7, 57.2, 124.1, 125.0, 127.9, 128.3, 128.6, 128.8, 134.2, 134.6, 136.5, 136.8, 147.2, 152.4 ppm.   FTIR 819 (m), 1053 (s), 1185 (m), 1280 (s), 1369 (m), 1497 (m), 2359 (m), 2900 (m), 2987 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C19H21N3O2:   C 70.57; H 6.55; N 12.99.   Found C 70.52; H 6.28; N 12.69%. 3.3.142,8-Dimethyl-4-nitro-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-02-10, MHK04-66 ChromA1)re-run 1H and 13 Spectra Starting with 2,8-dimethyl-4-nitro-Trà ¶gers base X (500 mg, 1.69 mmol) and 1with heating for 5 days,the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 10:1) to afford Y (120 mg, 23%) as a yellow solid.   m.p. 168-170  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.20 (3H, s, CH3), 2.21 (3H, s, CH3), 3.42-3.63 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.44 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (2H, app. s, CH2), 4.62 (1H, d J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 6.79 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.87-6.94 (2H, m, ArH), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.11 (1H, app. s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 20.5, 20.7, 54.4, 56.0, 58.0, 59.4, 122.0, 127.5, 128.1, 129.4, 132.2, 134.6, 135.4, 136.0, 139.4, 140.8, 146.9, 150.5 ppm.   FTIR 836 (m), 884 (m), 1021 (m), 1171 (s), 1371 (m), 1521 (s), 2910 (m), cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C18H19N3O2:   C 69.88; H 6.19; N 13.58.   Found C 69.67; H 6.24; N 13.43%. References 1.Hamada, Y.; Mukai, S., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2671-2674. 2.Ishida, Y.; Ito, H.; Mori, D.; Saigo, K., Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 109-112. 3.Faroughi, M.; Try, A. C.; Turner, P., Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E: Struct. Rep. Online 2008, 64, o458.

Abortion Essay - The Church Was Pro-Choice -- Argumentative Persuasive

The Church Until Recently Was Pro-Choice      Ã‚   From a sermon delivered on February 15, 1998 at the Unitarian Universalist Church of Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, by the Rev. Elaine Gallagher Gehrmann:    Most of us know that the Roman Catholic church teaches that life begins at conception, and yet most of us don't know that this is a relatively recent change. It wasn't until 1869 that Pope Pius IX decreed that "ensoulment" takes place at conception. Up until then, the Catholic church had taught that "life" begins at 40 days gestation for a male and 80 days for a female, and therefore abortions before those 40 or 80 day periods were not viewed as murder. (Gehrmann)    The above claim that before 1869 the Catholic Church did not oppose abortion and the sometimes accompanying claim that Catholic theology held that the father provided the soul to the fetus are both false. Further, the allegation that the Catholic Church which has consistently opposed contraception would be indifferent to induced abortion must be considered suspect on its face.    By way of background: St. Paul in his epistle to the Galatians uses the Greek word "pharmakeia" in condemning the effects of self-indulgence which can include abortion and other uses of drugs with magical or evil intent. The first recorded explicit "Catholic" opposition to abortion can be found in the Didache (written circa 80 AD). Though it was not included in the Canon of the Bible, the Didache condemned abortion as "the way of death" by men who are "killers of children." The letter of Barnabas written around 140 AD also condemned abortion: "Thou shalt not kill the fetus by an abortion or commit infanticide." (Jurgens)    St. John Chrysostom, one of the Greek... ...omas. "Treatise on Man." Summa Theologica." Question 90.    Gehrmann, Elaine Gallagher. Sermon delivered on February 15, 1998 at the Unitarian Universalist Church of Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. http://www.rcrc.org/current/roevwade29.htm    Jurgens, William A. The Faith of the Early Fathers. N.p.: Liturgical Press, 1998.    McHugh, John, O.P., and Charles J. Callahan, O.P. Translation and Notes -- Catechism of the Council of Trent for Parish Priests. 11th edition. New York: Joseph F. Wagner, Inc., 1949.    Noonan, John A. Jr. editor. The Morality of Abortion: Legal and Historical Perspectives, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press,1970.    -- -- -- . Contraception: A History of Its Treatment by the Catholic Theologians and Canonists. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 1966.