Strategy as practice and leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategy as practice and leadership - Essay Example ance, the total productivity and profitability of the organization might get enhanced to a significant extent as compared to many other rival players. Other than this, learning or educational training programs acts as the raw materials that might be used to enhance the inner knowledge and skills of the employees that may prove effective in improving the intangible assets of the organization such as customer loyalty, brand image, reputation and reliability etc. However, such type of intangible assets might amplify the prosperity and distinctiveness of the organization in the market among many other rival players. Hence, it might be clearly depicted that in order to enhance the reputation and popularity of the organization in future era, the entrepreneur might try to offer high concentration over training programs or learning processes of the employees. So, most of the organization in this age, try to implement numerous work-shops or training programs to enhance the inner talents and capabilities of the employees. As employees are considered as the most important assets of an organization without which it may not prosper in the mark et among others existing players of the market. The objective of this essay is to analyze the effectiveness and importance of learning in future development of the organization so as to amplify its prosperity in the market. Along with this, the importance of soft systems thinking (SST) in developing the organizational intellectual capital. As per Beardwell & Claydon (2010), learning is the weapon that might be used to improve the innovation of today into practice of the future era. However, it might be possible only by offering high concentration and value to the procedure of learning. This is because; it’s the process that may be used to amplify the inner knowledge and skill of the employees so as to increase the future prospects of the individual. Moreover, the process of learning is extremely essential to improve the human capital

Justice for Lena Essay Example for Free

Justice for Lena Essay Lena Baker was a black woman who endured a horrendous ordeal during her life. Born in a small town in Georgia, Lena lived with her mother and three children. Accused of murdering her employer Ernest Knight, Lena Baker alleged that he verbally and physically abused her. Keeping her as a prisoner, Lena yearned for freedom and sought many avenues to obtain it. Ernest Knight was a white man, a local gristmill owner who was determined to keep Lena not only as an employee, but also as a sexual partner. Lena came to work for Knight originally hired by his son to help with chores as he recovered from a broken leg. However, from Knight’s point of view she was there to take care of all his needs. In this paper you will get the chance to walk in Lena’s shoes. I will attempt to tell her story through magazine articles, books, newspaper articles and other research. You will see that in the end Lena’s life no matter how terrible it was, it wasn’t all in vain, and still today she is remembered for her last heartfelt words and calm disposition. Ulysia Gayle Julie Warner English December 3, 2012 Justice for Lena Lena Baker was a black woman born with three strikes against her. The first was that she was born in the south. The second was that she was born black. The third was that she was born poor. She was a black woman born in a small town in Georgia. She lived with her mother and three children and later moved five miles southwest of Cuthbert Georgia. Lena was no stranger to crime nor was she a stranger to hard work. Looking for work she acquired a job for a local gristmill owner named Ernest Knight. Knight needed a caregiver due to a broken leg. He needed help with household chores and meals, and Lena needed money. She procured the job with intentions of a business relationship only. However, Knight had other things in mind. Their relationship eventually became sexual on many occasions without Lena’s consent. The introduction of verbal and physical abuse soon followed. Threats against her safety as well as her children and mother were used to keep Lena at bay. She complied with Kni ght sexually but during this time (1940) relationships of that nature between blacks and whites were prohibited. Making several escapes, Knight would find Lena, even going to her home during peak hours on numerous occasions to take her and do with her as pleased. Later during this forbidden relationship Ernest Knight’s son as well as the town learned of its meaning and taunted Lena for it, although Knight was the aggressor. Lena was eventually assaulted by Knight’s son, beaten so critically that she needed time to recover herself. Shortly afterwards she was jailed for the same relationship. Fed up with the abuse, Lena wanted desperately to return home, but Knight begged the differ. Imprisoned she knew she was fighting for her life, despite the threats she and Knight entered into battle over a gun which Knight was eventually shot. Panicked and afraid Lena fled the scene. She eventually turned herself in with hopes that all would work in her favor. Needless to say although the town knew of this relationship, no one said anything in Lena’s defense. No one came to Lena’s rescue. There was no justice for Lena. A black woman accused of murdering a white man didn’t stand a chance no matter the circumstances. Lena soon went on trial. The trial convened on August 14, 1944, at the courthouse in Randolph County under the jurisdiction of Judge Charles William Two Gun Worrill, who presided at court with two pistols on the bench. In her testimony, Baker described how Knight locked her in the mill house while he went to a church singing. When he returned, he brought her something to eat but refused to let her leave, she said. When she insisted on going home, the two began to argue, and Knight brandished an iron bar that was used to lock the door. Baker said she feared for her life and attempted to push past Knight to leave. As she did, Knight was shot through the head. Baker testified that she walked immediately to the house of J. A. Cox (the county coroner and a man for whom she had done fieldwork) and told him that she had killed Ernest Knight, (Lela Phillips, Andrew College, Published 12/09/2005). The jury consisted of twelve white men (not unusual for 1944), but many of the jurors were good friends who attended the same small churches, socialized with each other’s families at card parties, and shared morning coffee at a local cafe. (Justice Denied, THE MAGAZINE FOR THE WRONGLY ACCUSED, Issue 29 – Summer 2005, Page 8). Found guilty of murder in less than 6 hours, Lena received the death penalty as her sentence, earning Lena Baker a place in history as the first and only woman to be sentenced to death by electric chair in the state Georgia, (Netflix, lenabakerthemovie.com 2008). On March 5th 1945, after being held in a prison in Reidsville GA, she was executed but not before saying these last words calmly. â€Å"What I done, I did in self- defense, or I would have been killed myself. I am ready to meet my God.† She was pronounced dead after six minutes and several shocks as her family mourned. (Albany Herald, Closure for The Baker Family, August 30th 2012). In 2005 Baker was granted a full and unconditional pardon by the State of Georgia, 60 years after her execution. The movie â€Å"The Lena Baker Story,† is about her life. Her nephew, Roosevelt Curry, received the papers pardoning Baker posthumously. The pardon stated the 1945 decision to deny her clemency and execute her was â€Å"a grievous error†. Baker was buried in the Vernon Missionary Baptist Church cemetery in Coleman where she is currently resting in peace. Unfortunately, neither her mother nor her children lived to see that one day there would be Justice for Lena. (Albany Herald, Closure for The Baker Family, August 30th 2012). Work Cited Phillips, Lela. â€Å"The New Georgia Encyclopedia, History and Archaeology.† The Lena Baker Case. Andrew College, Published 12/09/2005. Phillips, Lela. â€Å"Justice Denied†: THE MAGAZINE OF THE WRONGLY ACCUSED. Issue 29- Summer 2005, Page 8. Wilcox, Ralph. â€Å"Netflix, thelenabakermovie.com.† Hope and Redemption. 2008. Phillips, Bond Lela. â€Å"The Black Commentator.† Execution In A Small Town. Andrew College Cuthbert GA. The Albany Herald, Closure For The Baker Family. Issue August 30th, 2012

Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs

Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs Chapter 3 Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs. 3.2  Experimental Section 3.2.1  General procedure for the synthesis of ethano-strapped Trà ¶gers base. The methano-strapped TrÓ §gers base (4.24 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (1.60 g, 8.48 mmol, 2.0 eq.) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) and lithium carbonate (1.41 g, 19.08 mmol, 4.5 eq.) was added to the mixture which was stirred and heated at 110  °C for 3 days.   The mixture was cooled and suspended in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and then washed with water (2 25 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness.   The crude material was chromatographed (silica gel) to afford the desired ethano-strapped Trà ¶gers base products. 3.3.5  2,8-Dimethoxy-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 02-60)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2,8-dimethoxy TrÓ §gers base X (1.20 g, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (659 mg, 53%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 185-187  °C (lit.ref 186-189  °C)1.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), ÃŽ ´ 3.55-3.61 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 3.68 (6H, s, OCH3), 4.37 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.55 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.43 (2H, d, J = 2.8 Hz, ArH), 6.62 (2H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.1 3.3.4  2,8-Dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 01-120)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2,8-dibromo TrÓ §gers base X (1.65 g, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (750 mg, 45%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 220  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.47-3.59 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.35 (2H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.53 (2H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 6.96 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.04 (2H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, ArH), 7.17 (2H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.2 3.3.2  6H,12H-5,11-Ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 01-116)ACT checked NMR Starting with unsubstituted methano-strapped TrÓ §gers base X (942 mg, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (505 mg, 51%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 169-171  °C (lit.3 174  °C).   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.53-3.68 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.46 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.61 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.89-6.96 (4H, m, ArH), 7.03-7.08 (2H, m, ArH), 7.09-13 (2H, m, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.3 5.3.20Di-tert-butyl-3,9-dicarbamate-2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X (MHK-06-108)   Sample has a lot of ethyl acetate in it re-run both 1H and 13C NMR Starting with bis(3,9-tert-butyl-dicarbamate-2,8-dimethyl TrÓ §gers base X (5.00 g, 10.42 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford X (2.67 g, 52% with 7% methano strapped as a impurity) as a pale brown solid.   m.p. X-Y  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.49 (18H, s, Boc CH3), 2.03 (6H, s, CH3), 3.50-3.60 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.40 (2H, d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 4.48 (2H, d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 6.08 (2H, s, ArH), 6.67 (2H, s, ArH), 7.56 (2H, br s, NH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 17.1, 28.3, 54.9, 58.5, 80.2, 120.3, 128.4, 130.3, 132.0, 134.9, 148.8, 152.9 ppm.   FTIR 1049 (m), 1182 (s), 1230 (m), 1709 (s, C=O), 2900 (m), 2972 (m), 3295(bs), cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C28H38N4O4:   C 67.99; H 7.74; N 11.33.   Found C XX; H XX; N XX %. 3.3.38H,16H-7,15-Ethanodinaphtho[2,1-b][2,1-f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 03-72)ACT checked NMR contains an impurity ethano strap region should be symmetric Re-run both 1H and 13C NMR grow crystals! Starting with naphthalene TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.55 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (113 mg, 22%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 224-227  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.75-3.97 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.90 (2H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 5.44 (2H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 7.27-7.37 (4H, m, ArH), 7.41-7.48 (2H, m, ArH), 7.51 (2H, app. d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.67 (2H, app. d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.82 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 55.2, 55.7, 122.3, 124.4, 126.0, 127.3, 127.5, 128.3, 128.6, 131.5, 132.5, 148.5 ppm.   FTIR 828 (s), 927 (s), 1137 (m), 1209 (m), 1469 (m), 2360 (m), 2900 (m), 2959 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C24H20N2:   C 85.68; H 5.99; N 8.33.   Found C 85.73; H 5.68; N 8.59%. 3.3.72,8-Dimethanol-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 04-50)The spectrum is terrible there is NO way you can claim to have made this compound see me Starting with 2,8-dimethanol TrÓ §gers base X (400 mg, 1.42 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford X (134 mg, 32%) as a colourless solid.   m.p. X-Y  °C (lit.ref A-B  °C).2   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.76 (2H, br s, OH), 3.46-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.43 (2H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.47 (2H, s, CH2OH), 4.56 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.89 (2H, app. s, ArH), 7.02 (2H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.1 Hz, ArH), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.26 (2H, s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 54.6, 59.1, 64.8, 126.1, 127.5, 128.1, 136.7, 137.2, 149.6 ppm.   FTIR 750 (s), 884 (s), 1105 (m), 1195 (m), 1328 (m), 1491 (d), 1622 (s), 1701 (s, C=O), 2852 (m), 2893 (bs), 2946 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C18H20N2O2:   C 72.95; H 6.80; N 9.45.   Found C XX; H XX; N XX %.   See me is this compound in the literature(NOT charactrised in letreature)   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚   Ishida, Y.; Ito, H.; Mori, D.; Saigo, K., Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 109-112. 3.3.82-Bromo-8-methyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-05-18)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2-bromo-8-methyl TrÓ §gers base X (1.30 g, 4.12 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (1.00 g, 73%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 209-212  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.19 (3H, s, CH3), 3.47-3.62 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.37 (2H, app. d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 4.53 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.71 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.86-6.91 (1H, m, ArH), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz, ArH), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, ArH), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.3 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 20.7, 54.70, 54.74, 58.7, 59.0, 117.5, 127.7, 128.1, 129.1, 129.7, 130.1, 131.4, 134.4, 136.0, 139.2, 147.2, 149.5 ppm.   FTIR 863 (s), 944 (m), 1090 (m), 1219 (s), 1341 (s), 1476 (s), 1518 (s), 2901 (m), 2954 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrN2:   C 62.02; H 5.20; N 8.51.   Found C 62.29; H 5.12; N 8.68%. 3.3.92-Bromo-8-methoxyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-04-34)ACT checked NMRReplot 13C with expansions of all picked peaks and show ACTMay need to re-run 13C with more scans not sure about some peaks Starting with 2-bromo-8-methoxy TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.51 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 2:1) to afford X (180 mg, 35%) as a pale brown solid.   m.p. 156-157  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 3.50-3.60 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 3.68 (3H, s, OCH3), 4.34 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.37 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.52 (1H, d, J 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz, ArH), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.6 Hz, ArH), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.01-7.06 (2H, m, ArH), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.4 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 54.7, 54.8, 55.2, 58.8, 59.2, 112.8, 113.3, 117.6, 128.8, 129.7, 130.2, 131.5, 137.5, 139.0, 149.4, 156.6, 165.6 ppm.   FTIR 805 (m), 846 (m), 1025 (s), 1066 (s), 1278 (s), 1469 (s), 1487 (m), 1594 (m), 2359 (m), 2900 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrN2O:   C 59.14; H 4.96; N 8.11.   Found C 59.26; H 4.72; N 8.08%. 3.3.102-Ethoxycarbonyl-4,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-04-30)ACT checked 1H NMR NEED 13C NMR Starting with 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4,8-dimethyl TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.55 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (88 mg, 17%) as a pale yellow solid.   m.p. 182-185  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.32 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, CH3), 2.17 (3H, s, CH3), 2.38 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.66 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.20-4.33 (3H, m, CH2), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.60 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.69 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.85-6.89 (1H, m, ArH), 7.02-7.09 (1H, m, ArH), 7.46 (1H, app. s, ArH), 7.65 (1H, app. s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.3, 17.8, 20.7, 54.7, 55.4, 55.4, 59.3, 60.6, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.0, 130.0, 134.3, 135.5, 136.5, 137.0, 147.2, 152.8, 166.5 ppm.   FTIR 776 (s), 833 (s), 905 (m), 1025 (s), 1215 (s), 1293 (s), 1497 (s), 1709 (s, C=O), 2900 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C21H24N2O2:   C 74.97; H 7.19; N 8.33.   Found C 74.72; H 7.25; N 8.41 %. 2.3.118-Bromo-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X (MHK-05-22)ACT checked NMRNeed to re-run 13C with more scans insufficient aryl peakssections of 1H MR should go in thessi with discussion see ACT Starting with 8-bromo-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl TrÓ §gers base X (5.50 g, 14.21 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 3:1) to afford X (1.70 mg, 30%) as pale yellow solid.   m.p. 196  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.33 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, CH3), 2.36 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.21 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.24-4.34 (2H, 2 x overlapping q, J = 7.1 Hz, CH2-CH3), 4.47 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.57 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, ArH), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.44-7.46 (1H, m, ArH), 7.65-7.67 (1H, m, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.3, 17.8, 54.6, 55.0, 55.2, 59.1, 60.7, 117.6, 126.3, 128.0, 129.9, 130.2, 130.3, 131.2, 135.6, 136.6, 139.1, 149.2, 152.3, 166.4 ppm.   FTIR 827 (s), 927 (s), 1023 (m), 1150 (s), 1387 (s), 1412 (m), 11470 (s), 1704 (s, C=O), 2360 (m), 2900 (m) cm -1.   Anal. Calcd for C20H21BrN2O2:   C 59.86; H 5.27; N 6.98.   Found C 59.76; H 5.19; N 7.21%. 3.3.121,4,8-Trimethyl-2-nitro-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-02-10)Need 1H and 13C NMR where are these!!! Starting with 1,4,8-trimethyl-2-nitro- TrÓ §gers base Y (500 mg, 1.62 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate:hexane 4:1:1) to afford X (153 mg, 29%) as a yellow solid.   m.p. 138-141  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.20 (6H, s, CH3), 2.36 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.33 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 17.6, CH2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.65 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 6.75 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.89 (1H, app.d, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.40 (1H, s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.7, 17.8, 20.7, 54.1, 54.9, 55.7, 57.2, 124.1, 125.0, 127.9, 128.3, 128.6, 128.8, 134.2, 134.6, 136.5, 136.8, 147.2, 152.4 ppm.   FTIR 819 (m), 1053 (s), 1185 (m), 1280 (s), 1369 (m), 1497 (m), 2359 (m), 2900 (m), 2987 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C19H21N3O2:   C 70.57; H 6.55; N 12.99.   Found C 70.52; H 6.28; N 12.69%. 3.3.142,8-Dimethyl-4-nitro-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-02-10, MHK04-66 ChromA1)re-run 1H and 13 Spectra Starting with 2,8-dimethyl-4-nitro-Trà ¶gers base X (500 mg, 1.69 mmol) and 1with heating for 5 days,the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 10:1) to afford Y (120 mg, 23%) as a yellow solid.   m.p. 168-170  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.20 (3H, s, CH3), 2.21 (3H, s, CH3), 3.42-3.63 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.44 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (2H, app. s, CH2), 4.62 (1H, d J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 6.79 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.87-6.94 (2H, m, ArH), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.11 (1H, app. s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 20.5, 20.7, 54.4, 56.0, 58.0, 59.4, 122.0, 127.5, 128.1, 129.4, 132.2, 134.6, 135.4, 136.0, 139.4, 140.8, 146.9, 150.5 ppm.   FTIR 836 (m), 884 (m), 1021 (m), 1171 (s), 1371 (m), 1521 (s), 2910 (m), cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C18H19N3O2:   C 69.88; H 6.19; N 13.58.   Found C 69.67; H 6.24; N 13.43%. References 1.Hamada, Y.; Mukai, S., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2671-2674. 2.Ishida, Y.; Ito, H.; Mori, D.; Saigo, K., Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 109-112. 3.Faroughi, M.; Try, A. C.; Turner, P., Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E: Struct. Rep. Online 2008, 64, o458.

Abortion Essay - The Church Was Pro-Choice -- Argumentative Persuasive

The Church Until Recently Was Pro-Choice      Ã‚   From a sermon delivered on February 15, 1998 at the Unitarian Universalist Church of Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, by the Rev. Elaine Gallagher Gehrmann:    Most of us know that the Roman Catholic church teaches that life begins at conception, and yet most of us don't know that this is a relatively recent change. It wasn't until 1869 that Pope Pius IX decreed that "ensoulment" takes place at conception. Up until then, the Catholic church had taught that "life" begins at 40 days gestation for a male and 80 days for a female, and therefore abortions before those 40 or 80 day periods were not viewed as murder. (Gehrmann)    The above claim that before 1869 the Catholic Church did not oppose abortion and the sometimes accompanying claim that Catholic theology held that the father provided the soul to the fetus are both false. Further, the allegation that the Catholic Church which has consistently opposed contraception would be indifferent to induced abortion must be considered suspect on its face.    By way of background: St. Paul in his epistle to the Galatians uses the Greek word "pharmakeia" in condemning the effects of self-indulgence which can include abortion and other uses of drugs with magical or evil intent. The first recorded explicit "Catholic" opposition to abortion can be found in the Didache (written circa 80 AD). Though it was not included in the Canon of the Bible, the Didache condemned abortion as "the way of death" by men who are "killers of children." The letter of Barnabas written around 140 AD also condemned abortion: "Thou shalt not kill the fetus by an abortion or commit infanticide." (Jurgens)    St. John Chrysostom, one of the Greek... ...omas. "Treatise on Man." Summa Theologica." Question 90.    Gehrmann, Elaine Gallagher. Sermon delivered on February 15, 1998 at the Unitarian Universalist Church of Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. http://www.rcrc.org/current/roevwade29.htm    Jurgens, William A. The Faith of the Early Fathers. N.p.: Liturgical Press, 1998.    McHugh, John, O.P., and Charles J. Callahan, O.P. Translation and Notes -- Catechism of the Council of Trent for Parish Priests. 11th edition. New York: Joseph F. Wagner, Inc., 1949.    Noonan, John A. Jr. editor. The Morality of Abortion: Legal and Historical Perspectives, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press,1970.    -- -- -- . Contraception: A History of Its Treatment by the Catholic Theologians and Canonists. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, 1966.   

Pro Terrorist Torture

September 11, 2001, is a moment frozen in time. It was on this day that the world seemed to stop turning, and its course would never be the same again. It was the day of the largest organized attack on American citizens that took the lives of 2,976 innocent everyday people (attention grabber). It not only destroyed buildings, it destroyed lives. Not only the innocent lives of the thousands murdered in the burning buildings were destroyed, but the lives of their families were destroyed, and their hearts became filled with hurt and loss.As a result of this unthinkable attack on our country, the lives of thousands of American Soldiers and their families would soon be affected as well The war that 9/11 spun Americans and the rest of the world into was not a regular war in a regular country with regular soldiers. This war was one in which our brave men and women took on a radical religious band of terrorists who hide in caves, hide behind women and children, and strap bombs to themselves just to harm and terrorize others.These people continue to threaten American safety and liberty each and every day and were responsible for the most bloodshed on American soil in a single act of war. These people want nothing more than to harm innocent people and their families and will stop at nothing to do so. So when these terrorists who wear no uniforms and claim no country are captured, some argue that they deserve to be treated humanely. The fact is, they have information that could save thousands of American lives.However, they are so passionate about their cause; such information is not easily obtained. Therefore, the United States has the right to torture prisoners of war (suspected terrorists) in order to acquire vital information that is required to protect our country and its citizens. Terrorists are not regular soldiers in a regular war. They do not even merit POW (prisoner of war) status as stated by the Geneva Convention passed by the United Nations and approved by th e Supreme Court.Colin Powell stated that â€Å"bestowing POW status on detainees who do not meet the clear requirements of the Geneva Convention would undermine the rule of law giving equal protections and privileges to all combatants regardless to their respect to the law. † This is not a regular war because we are not fighting against a country; we are fighting religious extremists. Terrorists are not part of an organized military, have no uniforms, and do not represent a country or legitimate state, and therefore, are not protected nor deserved to be rotected under the Geneva Convention. Despite the agreed Geneva Convention, this nine-year war has resulted in different opinions on how protocol should be run halfway across the globe in our country. A very prominent issue between politicians today is the issue of torture. Torture sounds like a horrible word, and when spoken the thought of inhumane treatment, pain, and misery come to mind. But there are different forms and ty pes of torture that are not so cruel.The United States has been accused of using a form of torture on suspected terrorists known as stress and duress. But this form of torture is, as defined by the Supreme Court, neither inappropriate nor inhumane by any means. (establish credibility/ source #2, quote supreme court) â€Å"Stress and duress is a form of torture that includes: psychological and physical pressure on suspects through methods such as sleep deprivation, covering head with hood to cause disorientation, and pinning prisoners in uncomfortable positions for hours. † This is considered a form of torture.It is sad to think that American citizens who are more worried about being politically correct than the safety of our country and their friends and neighbors are speaking out against these insignificant pushes that soldiers perform on prisoners of war. Videos come out from Iraq and Afghanistan of terrorists slowly cutting off the heads of our brave men and women protecti ng freedom. It is odd to think that terrorists decapitate and inhumanely kill and murder our soldiers and there is fuss when our soldiers keep a terrorist with American blood on his hands deprived of sleep for a week.It is nice to know that our country still cares about and supports our men and women in uniform. As stated by a poll conducted by Rasmussen (source #3): â€Å"58% of U. S. voters say water boarding and other aggressive interrogation techniques should be used to gain information from the terrorist who attempted to bomb an airline on Christmas Day. † (Rasmussen) T hat means that over half of our nation supports interrogation methods that are more severe than the methods that others in this country are upset about.Also, the military is not torturing terrorists just to torture them because they do not like them or want revenge. Terrorists are being â€Å"tortured† for information such as future plots, hiding places, sources of weapons, etcetera that is needed to simply protect our men and women overseas and our citizens who call this great country home. Some opposition goes so far as to demand American rights for terrorists who want to kill Americans and who hate this country.A Counsel member for Human Rights Watch, Katherine Bierman, (cite source #4) is quoted saying â€Å"If you’re going to sentence them, there has to be a fair trial [this] amounts to nothing more extravagant than giving the defendant the chance to defend himself, not forcing him to incriminate himself and insuring he’s not tortured– the elements of what an ordinary citizen would consider a fair trial. † (quoted in Katel 6) There are many scary and utterly ridiculous elements in this quote.First, as established above, â€Å"torture† is not being used on suspected terrorists– they are using stress and duress to extract information. Secondly, terrorists openly express their hate for this country and say they are proud of their ac tions; none have incriminated themselves by nothing more than the truth. A terrorist is not going to bluntly admit to something he/she did not do, even if he was severely tortured which they are not. Government documentation, the definition of the word torture, and 58% of our nation can prove that. Not to mention, a trial is costly.To fly a terrorist to our country to have a so-called â€Å"fair trial† is ridiculous and costs the people of this nation hard earned money to have this man put on trial. Not only is it costly, but it brings him/her into the country that his leaders and fellow terrorists spilt blood in. It is not only ethically incorrect to pay American money for these terrorists to have American rights; it is unconstitutional to not give someone a fair trial. Can someone realistically say that a terrorist will receive a fair trial in the country he tried to commit terrorist acts against?What jury of American citizens would find this man innocent? What judge will s et him free? And even if by some horrible miracle this murderer is set free- what happens to him? Does he freely walk our streets, or do our citizens spend yet more money to fly this man back home so he can go back to plotting against us? Finally these are not ordinary citizens, let alone even citizens. By no means does a foreign murderer against our citizens get the luxury of the rights he would have if he were a citizen.As stated by an American General Tommy Franks (source citation) , â€Å"I don’t want a soldier when he kicks down a door in a hut in Afghanistan searching for Osama bin Laden to have to worry about whether when he does so and questions the individuals he finds inside who may or may not be bin Laden’s body guards, or even the individual himself- he’s got to advise them of their rights before he takes a statement† (quoted in Katel 6). â€Å"If you are intentionally inflicting pain on someone, then you are torturing them period,† (Ma sci 5) Human Rights leaders declare.But the politically correct opposition fails to determine the definition of pain. Pain is defined in the dictionary as (source dictionary) â€Å"the acutely unpleasant physical discomfort experienced by somebody who is violently struck, injured, or ill. † When a linebacker sacks the quarterback in a football game and puts the quarterback out of the game for a little bit with a rolled ankle, did he torture him? Or when children are playing dodge ball at school and a child is given a bloody nose, did the child who threw it torture the other child? Absolutely not. My point?Torture is inhumane treatment that causes severe and sometimes permanent damage to another human being through psychological threats and physical beatings, not by sleep deprivation. There is a difference between torture and inhumane treatment. Causing someone stress or discomfort is not torture. Terrorists are a serious threat to our nation, citizens, beliefs, and safety. Th ey do not deserve our rights, trials, and should be â€Å"tortured† by means of stress which is considered humane. The United States will not stoop to our enemy’s level and cruelly and brutally torture our prisoners of war.The time of war is not the time to be politically correct, but the time to take a step back and look at the big picture, the one in which our country has the right to freedom win the war on terror so the world will be a safer place. It is up to us to maintain and protect our freedom and safety. These are the facts, and these are the views of opinions from both sides of this fragile issue. Now you know, and it is important as American citizens to be informed and aware so we can elect people that will do the right thing in our eyes and defend freedom in the way you see it best.Works Cited Barber, Ben. â€Å"The POW Predicament. The American Legion. 1  Aug. 2002:  (pg 1). Career and Technical Education,  ProQuest. Canyon Ridge High School Library . 17 Feb. 2010. < http://proquest. umi. com Katel, Peter, and Kenneth Jost. â€Å"Treatment of Detainees. † CQ Researcher 16: 29 (25 Aug 2006): 673-696. (pg6) CQ Researcher Online. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David, and Patrick Marshall. â€Å"Civil Liberties in Wartime. † CQ Researcher 11: 43 (14 Dec 2001): 1017-1040. CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David. â€Å"Torture. † CQ Researcher. 13: 15 (18 April 2003): 345-368. (pg 3, 4,5) CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003041800

The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Essays

The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Essays The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Paper The Vermont Teddy Bear Company Paper The Vermont Teddy Bear Company was established 1981 by John Sortino. Mr. Sortinos dream was to create a high quality stuffed teddy bear, which was produced in the United States. Mr. Sortino learned to sew and took art classes. With these new skills, he began to manufacture a line of bears. By the end of the first year, over 200 bears were sold and different features were being added to the bear line such as having movable joints and being machine washable. The Vermont Teddy Bear Company became incorporated in the State of New York in 1984. The company began to market the bears in department stores and opened its own store in 1985. Before Valentines Day of 1985, the company began a new marketing technique, which allowed customer to send a bear gram by calling a 1-800 number. This pushed The Vermont Teddy Bear Company into a mullion dollar company. In 1991, a new manufacturing factory had to be established in order to handle the demand. The company was now on a roll winning multiple business awards such as Best of America small business award and Heritage of New England Customer Service award. In 1994, the Vermont Teddy Bear Company had grown so much in such as small period of time. At this time John Sortino recognized the need in order to reorganize the company from an entrepreneurial company to professionally managed organization. At this time, he resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the company. He was trying to prepare the company so that a new CEO with experience in this system would be able to flourish. In 1995, Patrick Burns became the New CEO of the company. Mr. Burns and a new chief Finance Officer, Elisabeth Robert began new strategies for the company. They began to open more stores and produced an expanded catalog, at the same time they cut back on advertising for the bear grams. This diminishment in profits caused Mr. Burns stepped down and Elisabeth Burns became the new CEO of the company. External Factors In order to determine the external Factors that face the Vermont Teddy Bear Company the use of the Five Forces model of Porter is needed. This model is an outside-in business tactic tool that is used to make a study of the value of an industry structure. The Competitive Forces study is made by the identification of 5 basic competitive forces: * The entry of competitors- The Teddy bear manufacturing business will can be entered easily as many consumers are not particular to name brands. However quality is a factor as many of these toys are for children and therefore have to be able to withstand the constraints of child play and the ability to withstand the test of time in order to become heirlooms. * The threat of substitutes- for many Teddy bear collections, a trademark is used in order to distinguish one brand from another. The Steiff Company uses a button on the ear of its products. Some trademarks are services used in order to market their bears. An example of this type of trademark would be a Bear gram which is only available from the Vermont Teddy Bear Company. Other trademarks can be as simple as the features of the bears themselves. * The bargaining power of buyers- Depending on the markets in which the company chooses to use will develop the bargaining power of the markets. For collectible bear the volume of product may be limited in order to fuel demand for the products and raise prices. * The bargaining power of suppliers- Depending on the market, the sellers can differ. Many companies chose to produce high volume low quality bears and sellers consist of discount shops and markets. Other companies with higher quality and higher priced bears will focus more on prestique department stores or antique stores as sellers. * The rivalry among the existing players There is much competition and Rivalry within the competition As the Teddy Bear industry is very popular industry that can be approached in different ways. Some companies chose to manufacture bears for Children toys, others are produced for gifts, etc and other selections are created to be collectibles. . The External factors, which contributed to the downfall of the Teddy Bear Company, consisted of other companies who produced bears or other similar plush items. The largest competitor was Steiff Company. Steiff specialized in bears that are manufactured in Germany and the Far East. These bears are high quality and but are not individually customized. The Stieff bears have a trademark is a button sewn in to the ear of each bear. These bears range from $50 for a 6 inch tall to several thousands dollars for the life size bears. Their markets include discount stores and supermarkets to high-end specialty shops and antique stores. The next company that competed was Gund Company. The Gund Company uses the Internet in order to market its product. Gund products include a wide range of plush animals that are not restricted to bears only. Teddy Bear Factory is the only other American manufacturer of teddy bears. This company is a major competitor in the San Francisco area; however, their market is strictly regional. The North American Bear Company manufactures all of its bears in the Orient, where labor costs are cheaper. This company is focuses more on global markets such as Europe, Japan and the United States. Their line of bears differs from The Vermont Bears by having shorter limbs and noses. Applause Enterprises, Inc, is a smaller competitor, who mostly focuses on small plush versions of Sesame Street, Star wars, Muppets, and Disney characters. Internal Factors In order to determine the internal factors that face the Vermont Teddy Bear Company, The PEST Analysis will be used. This model uses the four factors that face the internal factors such as: Political, Economic, Social and Technological. These factors apply to the companys customers, Employees, Investors, Vendors and Community. Vermont Teddy Bear Company Political * Ecological/environmental issues * Current legislation home market * Future legislation * European/international legislation * Regulatory bodies and processes * Government policies * Government term and change * Trading policies * Funding, grants and initiatives * Home market lobbying/pressure groups * International pressure groups Economic * Home economy situation * Home economy trends * Overseas economies and trends * General taxation issues * Taxation specific to product/services * Seasonality/weather issues * Market and trade cycles * Specific industry factors * Market routes and distribution trends * Customer/end-user drivers * Interest and exchange rates Social * Lifestyle trends * Demographics * Consumer attitudes and opinions * Media views * Law changes affecting social factors * Brand, company, technology image * Consumer buying patterns * Fashion and role models * Major events and influences * Buying access and trends * Ethnic/religious factors * Advertising and publicity Technological * Competing technology development * Research funding * Associated/dependent technologies * Replacement technology/solutions * Maturity of technology * Manufacturing maturity and capacity * Information and communications * Consumer buying mechanisms/technology * Technology legislation * Innovation potential * Technology access, licensing, patents * Intellectual property issues The customers are the groundwork of the company. The ability to meet customer expectations is the backbone of the business culture. With quest for superior customer service the company will be able to produce a high quality product that will meet the customers needs and demands. The companies employees are the internal customers. The idea that the employees should be treated with the same attention as the customers will produce a highly efficient work environment. This treatment will create a sense of pride, partnership, team spirit, and personal commitment in every employee. Our investors provide capital with the expectations that the will be repaid with interest. The companies financial strength will be enable the promise the investors to be accomplished. The vendors are a partnership that allows the company to understand the customers wants and the ability to provide the services to customers in a location and price that they want. The community requires that company work within ethical, legal and environmental guidelines. The company will support associations and individuals that have comparable morals in order to contribute to future generations. This requires a balance between working with the community and developing capability of the company.